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class 14 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a decision support system?

A

an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases and devices used to help make decisions that solve problems

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2
Q

how do decision support systems work?

A

they use computational software to construct models for analysis to solve problems (sales or resource forecasts)

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3
Q

what do decision support systems do?

A

help with “what-if” analysis

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4
Q

what is “what-if” analysis?

A

changing one or more variables in the model to observe the effect

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5
Q

what is an example of “what-if” analysis?

A

what is the payment if the interest rate increases by 1%

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6
Q

what is a critical activity for any business?

A

problem solving

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7
Q

what well known decision making model did Herbert Simon make?

A

the model that divides the decision-making phase of the problem-solving process into three stages

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8
Q

what did George huber create?

A

he integrated Herbert Simons model in to an expanded model of the entire problem solving process

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9
Q

what are the 3 stages in the problem solving process?

A

decision making (3 stages)
implementation stage
monitoring stage

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10
Q

what are the 3 stages in the design making component of problem solving?

A

intelligence stage
design stage
choice stage

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11
Q

what is the intelligence stage?

A

identify and define potential problems or opportunities

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12
Q

what is the design stage?

A

develop alternative solutions to the problem and evaluate their feasibility

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13
Q

what is the choice stage?

A

select a course of action

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14
Q

what is the implementation stage?

A

the solution is put into effect

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15
Q

what is the monitoring stage?

A

decision makers evaluate the implementation to determine whether the anticipated results were achieved and to modify the implementation if needed

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16
Q

what are the 2 kinds of decisions?

A

programmed decisions
non-programmed decisions

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17
Q

what are programmed decisions?

A

routine and repetitive decisions made using a rule, procedure or quantitative method, they are easy to computerize using traditional information systems

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18
Q

what are non-programmed decisions?

A

one-time decisions that deal with unusual or exceptional situations and are not easily quantifiable

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19
Q

what are structured decisions?

A

when the variable that affect the decision are known and can be measured quantifiably

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20
Q

what are structured decisions based on?

A

they are based directly on the inputs

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21
Q

what is an example of structured decisions?

A

inventory recorder levels

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22
Q

what are unstructured decisions?

A

when the variables that affect the decision cannot be measured quantifiably

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23
Q

what are unstructured decisions based on?

A

based on criteria that are not well-defined, or the information is ambiguous or incomplete

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24
Q

what might the decisions maker do to make an unstructured decision?

A

they may need to exercise some thoughtful judgment and creative thinking to reach a good solution

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25
Q

what is an example of an unstructured decision?

A

dealing with a labour issue or setting policy for the implementation of a new technology

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26
Q

what are semi-structured decisions?

A

decisions when only some of the variables can be measured quantitatively but some human experience and other outside facts may still impact the decisions

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27
Q

what is an example of semi-structured decisions?

A

the hiring process:

part of the decision is structured (years of experience, education)

part of the decision is unstructured (human experience, social skills, problem solving skills)

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28
Q

how is different levels of decisions making within an organization impacted by structured or un-structured decisions?

A

operational decisions are structured and as we move up towards strategic decisions it becomes more unstructured

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29
Q

what are the 3 benefits of decision support systems?

A

decision quality
problem complexity
faster decisions

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30
Q

what are 6 kinds of systems that can be used for decision support?

A

management information systems
decision support systems
group support systems
executive support systems
knowledge management systems
special-purpose systems

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31
Q

what are the 6 cons of decision support systems?

A

cost of hardware
cost of software
cost of database
cost of networks and internet
cost of personnel
cost of procedures

(the cost to deliver that information)

32
Q

what is the focus of a decision support system?

A

decision-making effectiveness regarding unstructured or semi-structured business problems

33
Q

what are the 9 characteristics of decision support systems?

A

provide rapid access to information

handle large amount of data from different sources

provide report and presentation flexibility

offer both textual and graphical orientation

support drill-down analysis

perform complex analysis and comparisons with advanced software

support optimization, satisfying and heuristic approaches

perform simulation analysis

forecast a future opportunity or problem

34
Q

what are the 4 components of a decisions support system?

A

database management system
model base that uses the data
user-friendly interface
access to internet

35
Q

what is a database management system?

A

a system that allows managers and decision makers to perform qualitative analysis on stored data in a company’s databases, data warehouses and data marts

36
Q

can database management systems be used to connect external databases to give mangers more information and decision support?

A

yes

37
Q

what are 3 external databases a database management system include?

A

internet
libraries
government databases

38
Q

what is a model base?

A

a system that allows managers and decision makers to perform quantitative analysis on both internal and external data

39
Q

what is a model management software?

A

a system that coordinates the use of models in a decision support system including financial, statistical analysis, graphical and project management models

40
Q

what can be changed about model management software?

A

depending on the needs of the decision maker, one or more of these models can be used

41
Q

what are the 4 types of model bases?

A

financial
statistical
graphical
project management

42
Q

what is a financial model base?

A

provides cash flow, internal rate of returns and other investment analysis

43
Q

what kind of software do financial model bases use?

A

spreadsheet (excel)

44
Q

what is a statistical model base?

A

provides summary statistics, trend projections and hypothesis testing

45
Q

what kind of software do statistical model bases use?

A

statistical programs (SPSS or SAS)

46
Q

what is a graphical model base?

A

assists decision makers in designing, developing and using graphic displays of data and information

47
Q

what kind of software do graphical model bases use?

A

graphics programs such as Microsoft powerpoint

48
Q

what is a project management model base?

A

handles and coordinates large project, also used to identify critical activities that could jeopardize an entire project

49
Q

what kind of software do project management model bases use?

A

project management software such as Microsoft project

50
Q

what are the 4 things the user interface manager can do?

A

allows decision makers to easily access and manipulate the decision support system and use common business terms and phrases

allows user to interact with the decision support system to obtain information

assists with all aspects of communications between user and hardware and software that constitute the decision support system

allows for manipulation of variables

51
Q

what are model driven decision support systems?

A

systems that perform mathematical or quantitative analysis through using models such as statistical, simulation or financial modes for decision making and decision or strategy that are based on the models

52
Q

what are data driven decision support systems?

A

performs qualitative analysis based on the company’s debases, emphasizes access and manipulation to a time series of internal company data and some external data to aid decision making

53
Q

what are model driven decision support systems decisions based on?

A

decisions are based on models and numbers

54
Q

what are data driven decision support systems decisions based on?

A

decisions are based on analyzed data

55
Q

how do users interact with model-driven decision support systems VS data driven decision support systems?

A

model driven decision support system: user interacts primarily with a mathematical model and its results

data driven decision support system: user interacts primary with the data

56
Q

what problems do model driven decision support systems VS data driven decision support systems help solve?

A

model driven decision support system: helps to solve well-defined and structures problems (what-if-analysis)

data driven decision support system: helps solve mainly unstructured problems

57
Q

what kind of models do model driven decision support systems VS data driven decisions support systems have?

A

model driven decision support system: contains in general various and complex models

data driven decision support system: contains in general simple models

58
Q

how much crucial data do model driven decision support systems VS data driven decision support systems have?

A

model driven decision support system: large amounts of data are not necessary

data driven decision support systems: large amounts of data are crucial

59
Q

what do model decision support systems help do VS data driven decision support systems help do?

A

model driven decision support system: helps to understand the impact of decisions on organizations

data driven decision support systems: helps prepare decisions by showing developments in the past and by identifying relations or patterns

60
Q

what is the difference of problems do DSS and MIS help solve?

A

DSS: can handle unstructured problems that cannot be easily programmed

MIS: normally used only with structured problems

61
Q

what does DSS stand for?

A

decisions support system

62
Q

what does MIS stand for?

A

management information system

63
Q

what users do DSS VS MIS support?

A

DSS: supports individuals, small groups and the entire organization in the short run, users typically have more control over a DSS

MIS: supports primary the organization in the short run, users have less control over an MIS

64
Q

what is the difference in emphasis between DSS and MIS?

A

DSS: emphasizes actual decisions and decision making styles

MIS: usually emphasizes information only

65
Q

what is the difference in approach between DSS and MIS?

A

DSS: serves as a direct support system that provides interactive reports on computer screens

MIS: typically serves as an indirect support system that uses regularly produced reports

66
Q

what is the difference in system between DSS and MIS?

A

DSS: uses computer equipment usually online and related to real time results to provide immediate information and answers to questions

MIS: uses printed reports that might be delivered to managers once per week, so it cannot provide immediate results

67
Q

what is the difference in speed between DSS and MIS?

A

DSS: is flexible and can be implemented by users so it usually takes less time to develop and is better able to respond to user requests

MIS: provides response time usually longer than DSS

68
Q

what is the difference in output between DSS and MIS?

A

DSS: produces reports that are usually screen orientates with the ability to generate reports on a printer

MIS: is oriented towards printed reports and documents

69
Q

what is an example of model-driven decision support system?

A

fidelity.com- evaluates alternative investment in mortgage portfolios

70
Q

what is an example of data-driven decision support system?

A

expedia.ca - evaluates and compares air fairs

71
Q

what is the biggest difference between model driven DSS and data driven DSS?

A

model driven does calculations to get its decision and data driven compares data to get its decision

72
Q

what is a group decision support system?

A

a computerezed collaborative work system that consists of most of the elements in a DSS and software to provide effective support in group decision making settings

73
Q

where are group decision support systems used?

A

businesses, non-profits, government units and the military, between companies when the firm are involved in the same supply chain

74
Q

what is an example of when a group decision support system might be used?

A

an organization might get raw materials and supplies from one company and use another company to distribute finished products to consumers

75
Q

what are the 8 characteristics group decision support system?

A

special design to fit the different procedures
ease of use
flexibility with different tasks
decision-making support
anonymous input
reduction of negative group behaviours
parallel communication between people at same time
automated record keeping of each meeting

76
Q

what are 3 things group decision support systems help with?

A

joint workgroup scheduling
communication
management

info systems (18 decks)

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