Class 10

Question 1

Citizens

Answer 1

○ Having legal membership of a specific society or state or country
○ Enjoy all the civil and political rights offered by the state
○ Participate in the political process of the state
○ Have certain civic duties
○ Have recognition of the state

Question 2

Aliens

Answer 2

○ Citizens of some other state
○ Foreign nations
○ Limited civil and political rights as compared to Citizens
○ Limited duties and responsibilities

Question 3

2 categories of Aliens

Answer 3

○ Friendly Aliens – Citizens of a friendly state
○ Enemy Aliens – Citizens of an enemy state

Question 4

Friendly Aliens enjoy more rights

Answer 4

As compared to enemy aliens

Question 5

Residence

Answer 5

○ Place where you are living right now
○ A person can have multiple residences at different locations
○ It can be temporary or permanent

Question 6

Domicile

Answer 6

○ Bigger concept than residence
○ Permanent home of the individual
○ Intent of the individual to finally settle at a place
○ Only one domicile is possible

Question 7

Refugee

Answer 7

○ A person forced to leave his home country due to war, violence, persecution, etc.
○ A person outside their home country – unwilling or unable to return to their home country
○ Some countries grant asylum to refugees

Question 8

Asylum

Answer 8

○ Certain protection and civil and political rights
○ Not full citizenship

Question 9

Immigrant

Answer 9

○ A person who chooses to move to another country
○ For work, education, other reasons

Question 10

Immigrants

Answer 10

○ Legal – with proper documents and visa
○ Illegal – Without proper documents and visa

Question 11

Non-Resident Indian (NRI)

Answer 11

○ A person who is a Citizen of India
○ But living outside India for work, education, etc.

Question 12

Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999

Income Tax Act, 1961

Answer 12

○ An Indian Citizen or a Person of Indian Origin living abroad
○ For an uncertain duration of time

○ Living abroad for more than 182 days in a financial year

Question 13

EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS OF INDIAN CITIZENS

● Article 15
● Article 16
● Article 19

Answer 13

○ Prohibition of Discrimination on the Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex, Place of Birth

○ Equality of Opportunity in Matters of Public Employment

○ Right to Freedom and 6 Freedoms associated with it
○ Freedom of Speech and Expression, association, assembly, movement, residence,
profession

Question 14

● Article 29 and Article 30

EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS OF INDIAN CITIZENS

Answer 14

○ Cultural and Educational Rights

● Right to Vote
● Right to Contest Elections
● Eligibility to hold the office of President, Vice President, Governor, Judges, MPs/ MLAs, Ministers,
Attorney General, CAG, Advocate General

Question 15

EXCLUSIVE DUTIES OF INDIAN CITIZENS

Answer 15

Duties of Indian Citizens
○ Fundamental Duties under Article 51A (Part IVA)
○ Taxation
○ Defending the Country
○ Respecting National Symbols

Question 16

SINGLE CITIZENSHIP
● Only Single Citizenship
● Concept of Single Citizenship
● Purpose

● Citizenship

Answer 16

○ Indian Citizenship
○ No separate Citizenship of States

○ Borrowed from United Kingdom

○ Equality, unity, integrity and fraternity

○ Union List Subject
○ 7th Schedule
○ States cannot make laws on Citizenship

Question 17

SINGLE CITIZENSHIP

● US and Australia

● Why did India adopt Single Citizenship?

● Every person – irrespective of their state

Answer 17

○ Dual Citizenship
○ Citizenship of the States and the Country
○ 2 sets of rights given by the Union and the State Governments

○ To prevent discrimination
○ States might have stopped people from other states to live, work, study, vote, etc.

○ Same rights and responsibilities
○ No discrimination between them

Question 18

EXCEPTIONS TO EQUALITY
● Article 16

● 32nd Constitution Amendment Act, 1973

● Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act, 2014

Answer 18

○ Parliament has the power to prescribe residence as a condition for employment in State
Jobs
○ Ex: Public Employment (Requirement as to Residence) Act, 1957

○ Article 371D – Inserted in the Indian Constitution
○ President – by Order – Allow residence as a condition for employment in Andhra Pradesh
and Telangana or for education

○ Telangana Created – Article 371D

Question 19

EXCEPTIONS TO EQUALITY

● Article 15
● States
● Article 19

Answer 19

○ Prohibition of Discrimination of the grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex, Place of Birth
○ Place of Residence not mentioned here

○ Can create special provisions on the Grounds of Residence
○ Ex: Reservation for Residents of the State in State Universities

○ Freedom to Move Freely Throughout Territory of India, Reside and Settle in any Part of India
○ Restrictions may be imposed over the Citizens – to protect the interests of Scheduled Tribes

Question 20

SPECIAL CASE OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR

Answer 20

● Article 35A of the Indian Constitution
○ Inserted by The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954
○ Issued under the provisions of Article 370 (Indian Constitution)
● Article 35A
○ Allowed the State Government to define ʻPermanent Residentsʼ
○ Give them special rights
● The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 2019
○ Order of 1954 and Article 35A revoked
○ No longer allowed to define ʻPermanent Residentsʼ

Question 21

CITIZENSHIP PROVISIONS IN INDIA
● Constitutional Provisions
● Legal Provisions

Answer 21

○ Part II
○ Article 5 – Article 11
○ Deal with Citizenship till the Commencement of the Constitution
○ Citizenship till 26th January 1950
○ A er that - no provisions dealing with acquisition or loss of Citizenship
○ A er that – Parliament empowered to pass a law related to Citizenship

○ Citizenship Act, 1955
○ Deals with acquisition or loss of Citizenship, Persons of Indian Origin, etc.

Question 22

CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
● 4 Categories of people became Citizens of India

Answer 22

○ On 26th January, 1950