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NUR154 > Circulatory system > Flashcards

Circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q 
Valves similar to semilunar valves are found in some
Select one:
a. arteries.
b. arterioles.
c. capillaries.
d. venules.
e. veins.
A

e. veins

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2
Q

The structure of a capillary wall differs from that of a vein or artery because
Select one:
a. the capillary wall has only two tunics.
b. capillaries have more smooth muscle.
c. capillary walls have only endothelium and a basement membrane.
d. capillaries can constrict or dilate.
e. capillaries are impermeable to all substances.

A

c. capillary walls have only endothelium and a basement membrane

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3
Q

The systemic circulation
Select one:
a. carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
b. includes all arteries but the veins are part of the pulmonary circulation pathway.
c. includes the aorta and all of its branches.
d. ends in capillaries of the toes.
e. includes blood flow to the body but not the brain.

A

c. includes the aorta and all of its branches.

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4
Q

The velocity of blood flow inside a blood vessel
Select one:
a. is equal to the blood pressure.
b. is faster in the center of the blood vessel.
c. is most rapid at a bend or turn in the vessel.
d. increases along the walls of the blood vessel.
e. is more rapid along the sides of the vessel.

A

b. is faster in the center of the blood vessel

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5
Q

Continuous capillaries
Select one:
a. have many thin areas called fenestrae.
b. are freely permeable to large molecules such as hormones.
c. have a wall where the endothelial cells fit very tightly together.
d. are more permeable then fenestrated capillaries but not as permeable as sinusoidal capillaries.
e. are characterized by continuous pores.

A

c. have a wall where the endothelial cells fit very tightly together.

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6
Q 
Increased venous tone will
Select one:
a. relax the veins.
b. help return blood to the heart.
c. allow blood to pool in the veins.
d. stabilize blood velocity in the veins.
e. dilate the veins.
A

b. help return blood to the heart.

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7
Q

Which of the following would increase resistance to blood flow?

Select one:

a. a decrease in the length of the vessel
b. a decrease in the number of red blood cells
c. a decrease in blood viscosity
d. a decrease in the radius of the vessel
e. a decreased hematocrit.

A

d. a decrease in the radius of the vessel

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8
Q 
Which coat of an artery contains endothelium?
Select one:
a. tunica intima
b. tunica media
c. tunica adventitia
d. tunica elastica
e. tunica intermedia
A

a. tunica intima

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9
Q 
One of the best ways to determine the adequacy of peripheral circulation is to check the pedal pulses. To check the pedal pulse you would check the pulse in the
Select one:
a. ankle.
b. wrist.
c. groin.
d. neck.
e. foot.
A

e. foot.

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10
Q

Arteriosclerosis is characterized by
Select one:
a. a thickening of the tunica adventitia.
b. increased elasticity of the tunica media.
c. decreased resistance to blood flow.
d. an enlargement of the lumen of the vessel.
e. thickening of the tunica intima and loss of elasticity in the tunica media.

A

e. thickening of the tunica intima and loss of elasticity in the tunica media.

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11
Q

Mrs Jane Green is admitted to the cardiac unit with a diagnosis of endocarditis. When Jane asks the nurse where the infection is located, the nurse replies that the infection is in
Select one:
a. the outer layer of the heart wall.
b. the inner lining of the heart.
c. a membranous sac that encloses the heart wall.
d. the muscular layer of the heart.
e. the lining of the mediastinum.

A

b. the inner lining of the heart.

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12
Q 
The epicardium
Select one:
a. covers the surface of the heart.
b. lines the walls of the ventricles.
c. is known as the fibrous pericardium. Incorrect
d. attaches inferiorly to the diaphragm.
e. is also called endocardium.
A

a. covers the surface of the heart(?)

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13
Q

When blood pressure is greater than the blood colloid osmotic pressure, there is
Select one:
a. a net movement of fluid into the capillary.
b. a net movement of fluid out of the capillary.
c. less lymph formed.
d. a decrease in the volume of the interstitial fluid.
e. a decreased likelihood of edema.

A

b. a net movement of fluid out of the capillary.

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14
Q

The greater the compliance the
Select one:
a. greater the resistance generated in the vessel.
b. more easily the vessel wall stretches.
c. longer the blood vessel will measure.
d. higher the blood pressure will be.
e. less the elasticity of the vessel.

A

b. more easily the vessel wall stretches.

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15
Q

Which of the following happen when a person stands in one place for a long period of time?

Select one:

a. Gravity causes an increased accumulation of blood in the veins in the feet and legs.
b. Blood pressure rises in the venules of the feet.
c. Without muscular movement the pressure at the venous end of the capillaries increases.
d. Oedema may occur in the lower extremities.
e. All of the above.

A

e. All of the above.

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16
Q

In the aorta,
Select one:
a. the blood pressure and blood velocity are both high.
b. the velocity of blood flow is high, but blood pressure is low.
c. the resistance to blood flow is high, but velocity of blood flow is low.
d. the resistance to blood flow and the blood pressure are both low.
e. velocity is diminished because the total cross-sectional area is small.

A

a. the blood pressure and blood velocity are both high.

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17
Q

Veins
Select one:
a. carry blood away from the heart.
b. carry blood under very high pressure.
c. may contain valves and are lined with endothelium.
d. are described as strong, rigid vessels that always carry oxygenated blood.
e. have thick, many layered walls.

A

c. may contain valves and are lined with endothelium.

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18
Q

What is the order of the blood vessels that a red blood cell would pass through as the blood leaves the heart, travels to a tissue, and then returns to the heart?
Select one:
a. arteriole, artery, capillary, vein, venule
b. capillary, arteriole, artery, vein, venule
c. artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein
d. vein, capillary, artery, arteriole, venule
e. artery, venule, capillary, arteriole, vein

A

c. artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein

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19
Q

Oedema can occur when there is
Select one:
a. an increase in the amount of plasma proteins.
b. a decrease in capillary permeability to proteins.
c. a decrease in blood pressure
d. a blockage of the lymphatics.
e. an increase in blood colloid osmotic pressure.

A

d. a blockage of the lymphatics.

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20
Q

Blood pressure is the
Select one:
a. product of the stroke volume times heart rate.
b. number of layers of blood in laminar flow models.
c. measure of force blood exerts against blood vessel walls.
d. viscosity of the blood and resistance to blood flow.
e. measure of the volume of the blood.

A

c. measure of force blood exerts against blood vessel walls.

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21
Q

Which of the following best describes arteries?

Select one:

a. strong, rigid vessels that carry blood under high pressure
b. thin, elastic vessels that transport blood under low pressure
c. elastic vessels that connect arterioles and venules
d. fragile vessels that are prone to rupture.
e. strong, elastic vessels that carry blood under high pressure.

A

e. strong, elastic vessels that carry blood under high pressure

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22
Q

In which of the following clinical situations would you expect oedema?

Select one:

a. shock (which is accompanied by low blood pressure)
b. burns (which result in increased capillary permeability to plasma proteins)
c. dehydration (which results in low blood pressure)
d. vomiting (which leads to a decreased plasma volume)
e. diarrhea (which leads to a decreased blood volume)

A

b. burns (which result in increased capillary permeability to plasma proteins)

23
Q

The auscultatory method of measuring blood pressure
Select one:
a. relies on the insertion of a cannula into the vessel in which pressure is being measured.
b. monitors the oscillations in the blood vessel during changes in pressure.
c. involves an electronic transducer attached to a mercury manometer.
d. relies on hearing Korotkoff’s sounds through a stethoscope.
e. relies on hearing the sounds made by laminar flow of the blood.

A

d. relies on hearing Korotkoff’s sounds through a stethoscope.

24
Q

In capillary exchange, which of the following statements is true?
Select one:
a. Most fluid that leaves the arterial end of a capillary reenters the venous end of a capillary.
b. Interstitial fluid normally has a higher osmotic pressure than plasma.
c. Constriction of the precapillary sphincter will increase blood pressure in the capillary.
d. Interstitial protein concentration is normally higher than plasma protein concentration.
e. Most fluid that leaves the arterial end of a capillary enters the lymphatic system.

A

a. Most fluid that leaves the arterial end of a capillary reenters the venous end of a capillary.

25
Q

Which of the following functions is associated with vessels that carry blood directly from arterioles to veins without passing through capillaries?

Select one:

a. thermoregulation
b. nutrient supply to tissues
c. removal of metabolic waste products from tissues
d. oxygen supply to tissues
e. pH regulation

A

a. thermoregulation

26
Q

Which of the following is less likely to result in oedema?

Select one:

a. increase in capillary permeability
b. reduced plasma colloid osmotic pressure
c. blockage of veins
d. increased mean arterial pressure
e. A and B

A

d. increased mean arterial pressure

27
Q 
Sympathetic nerve fibers that innervate blood vessel walls are found primarily in the
Select one:
a. tunica intima.
b. tunica media.
c. tunica adventitia.
d. tunica externa.
e. tunica interna.
A

b. tunica media.

28
Q 
The blood vessels that are under the greatest pressure are the
Select one:
a. arterioles.
b. capillaries.
c. elastic arteries.
d. veins.
e. venules.
A

c. elastic arteries.

29
Q

Which of the following statements about laminar blood flow is true?

Select one:

a. The innermost layer of blood moves at the lowest velocity.
b. Laminar blood flow occurs when blood flows past an area of constriction.
c. The outermost layer of blood experiences the greatest resistance to flow.
d. In laminar blood flow, the rapid rate of blood flow exceeds critical velocity.
e. It makes lots of different noises.

A

c. The outermost layer of blood experiences the greatest resistance to flow.

30
Q 
Arteriosclerosis results in decreased compliance, which in turn causes the pulse pressure to
Select one:
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. increase, then decrease.
d. decrease, then increase.
e. remain the same.
A

a. increase

31
Q

When contrasting arteries and veins, which of the following statements is true?
Select one:
a. Veins have thicker walls than arteries.
b. Arteries have a thicker tunica media than veins.
c. Veins have a tunica media while arteries do not.
d. Arteries have valves, but veins do not.
e. Arteries have smooth muscle in their walls, but veins do not.

A

b. Arteries have a thicker tunica media than veins.

32
Q 
The exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of
Select one:
a. veins.
b. arteries.
c. arterioles.
d. capillaries.
e. venules.
A

d. capillaries.

33
Q 
Vasomotor tone can be increased by
Select one:
a. taking a nap.
b. emotional excitement.
c. soaking in a warm bathtub.
d. an increase in body temperature.
e. relaxing with a cup of tea.
A

b. emotional excitement.

34
Q 
Precapillary sphincters
Select one:
a. serve as valves in veins.
b. are found in the tunica media.
c. carry blood under high pressure.
d. control the blood flow into capillary beds.
e. are voluntary structures.
A

d. control the blood flow into capillary beds

35
Q

Which of the following acts as a storage area for blood?

Select one:

a. the aorta
b. the veins
c. capillaries
d. arterioles
e. the arteries

A

b. the veins

36
Q

A stab wound into the heart can result in cardiac tamponade. This means that
Select one:
a. blood enters the pleural cavity.
b. the heart is compressed by blood in the pericardial sac.
c. the electrical conduction system of the heart is damaged.
d. the left coronary artery has been damaged or cut.
e. the heart has lost all of its blood.

A

b. the heart is compressed by blood in the pericardial sac.

37
Q

Systemic blood vessels transport blood
Select one:
a. from the left ventricle through the body to the left atrium.
b. from the left ventricle through the body to the right atrium.
c. from the right ventricle through the body to the left atrium.
d. from the right ventricle through the body to the right atrium.
e. from the left ventricle to the lungs.

A

b. from the left ventricle through the body to the right atrium.

38
Q

Which of the following enhances the exchange between capillary walls and the interstitial spaces?

Select one:

a. the thinness of the capillary wall
b. minimal branching in the capillary bed
c. increased blood velocity through the capillaries
d. the high pressure in the interstitial spaces
e. the stratification of the capillary wall

A

a. the thinness of the capillary wall

39
Q

The heart
Select one:
a. is a four-chambered muscular pump.
b. is posterior to the trachea.
c. is a two-chambered muscular pump.
d. lies mostly to the right of the midline of the sternum.
e. has a superior apex and an inferior base.

A

a. is a four-chambered muscular pump.

40
Q 
The lining of a capillary is called the
Select one:
a. endothelium.
b. adventitia.
c. pericapillary layer.
d. thoroughfare layer.
e. tunica.
A

a. endothelium.

41
Q

The structure that allows blood to flow from arteries to veins without passing through capillaries is called a

Select one:

a. phlebitic connector.
b. vasa vasorum.
c. varicose vein.
d. arteriovenous anastomoses.
e. thoroughfare channel.

A

d. arteriovenous anastomoses.

42
Q

The vasa vasorum are
Select one:
a. incompetent valves in the large veins.
b. special capillaries that supply nutrients to the walls of arteries and veins.
c. the blood vessels that supply blood to the vas deferens.
d. blood vessels that directly connect arteries to veins.
e. supply blood to skeletal muscle.

A

b. special capillaries that supply nutrients to the walls of arteries and veins.

43
Q

From the heart to body tissues, which of the following sequences of vessels is correct?
Select one:
a. muscular artery, arteriole, elastic artery, capillary
b. arteriole, muscular artery, elastic artery, capillary
c. elastic artery, muscular artery, arteriole, capillary
d. elastic artery, arteriole, muscular artery, capillary
e. distributing artery, muscular artery, medium artery, capillary

A

c. elastic artery, muscular artery, arteriole, capillary

44
Q 
The blood vessels that branch from the ascending aorta are the
Select one:
a. coronary arteries.
b. brachiocephalic arteries.
c. common carotid arteries.
d. subclavian arteries.
e. pulmonary arteries.
A

a. coronary arteries.

45
Q

Which of the following statements concerning blood vessel walls is true?

Select one:

a. The tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall.
b. The tunica media is found in all blood vessels except veins.
c. The tunica adventitia is composed of smooth muscle and endothelium.
d. Capillaries have both a tunica intima and a tunica media.
e. Vessel diameter is control primarily by the tunica intima.

A

a. The tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall.

46
Q 
Capillary walls serve as effective permeability barriers for
Select one:
a. oxygen and carbon dioxide.
b. electrolytes.
c. glucose.
d. proteins.
e. small water-soluble molecules.
A

d. proteins.

47
Q 
Veins that return blood directly to the heart include the
Select one:
a. brachiocephalic vein.
b. superior vena cava.
c. portal vein.
d. azygos vein.
e. pulmonary arteries.
A

b. superior vena cava.

48
Q

As viscosity of the blood increases,
Select one:
a. the pressure required to force it to flow increases.
b. the pressure required to force it to flow decreases.
c. the fluid becomes thinner.
d. the hematocrit decreases.
e. the flow does not change.

A

a. the pressure required to force it to flow increases.

49
Q 
Resistance to blood flow is greatest in
Select one:
a. arteries.
b. arterioles.
c. venules.
d. veins.
e. capillaries.
A

b. arterioles.

50
Q

Which of the following would lead to relaxation of the precapillary sphincter?

Select one:

a. decreased tissue metabolism
b. decreased oxygen levels in tissue cells served by the capillary
c. decreased carbon dioxide concentration in the capillary bed
d. decreased lactic acid production by cells in the capillary bed
e. decreased nitric acid levels

A

b. decreased oxygen levels in tissue cells served by the capillary

51
Q

Which of the following statements regarding regulation of local blood flow is true?

Select one:

a. Increased metabolic rate in a tissue increases capillary blood flow into the tissue.
b. Blood flow through capillaries is continuous.
c. Contraction of precapillary sphincters will increase blood flow to a capillary bed.
d. Increased levels of carbon dioxide increase the contraction of precapillary sphincters.
e. Tissue need for oxygen and amino acids will cause precapillary sphincters to contract.

A

a. Increased metabolic rate in a tissue increases capillary blood flow into the tissue.

52
Q

In which of the following would you detect a weak pulse?

Select one:

a. hypertension
b. hemorrhagic shock
c. fluid excess
d. increased stroke volume
e. a healthy young person

A

b. hemorrhagic shock

53
Q

Distributing arteries
Select one:
a. contain a lot of elastic tissue.
b. contain a thick tunica media.
c. are strong, rigid vessels.
d. transport blood from arterioles to capillaries.
e. do not contain smooth muscle in their walls.

A

b. contain a thick tunica media.

54
Q 
In the pulmonary circulation, the \_\_\_\_\_ carry blood to the lungs.
Select one:
a. carotid sinuses
b. pulmonary arteries
c. coronary arteries
d. superior and inferior vena cavae
e. aorta
A

b. pulmonary arteries

NUR154 (4 decks)

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