Chronic Flashcards
Symptoms of hypertensive retinopathy
Decreased vision, Blurred vision, Headaches
Signs of hypertensive retinopathy
Copper/Silver wire vessels, Cotton wool spots, Hard exudates
Define amaurosis fugax
“Curtain fall” vision loss caused by transient emobli
Signs of diabetic retinopathy
Micro-aneurysms, Hard exudates, Blot haemorrhages, Retinal detachment, Vitrious haemorrhage, Tortuous vessels
Management of diabetic retinopathy
Improve DM control, Improve HTN control, Intravitreal Anti-VEGF, Laser of periphery
Risk factors for cataracts
Diabetes, Neurofibromatosis, Steroid use, Trauma, Advanced age
Symptoms of cataracts
Blurred vision, Vision loss, Glare
Specific symptom of subcapsular cataract
Decreased near vision
Specific symptom of Nuclear cataract
Decreased colour vision
Specific symptom of cortical cataract
Decreased colour vision
Signs of cataract
Decreased red reflex, Obscured fundus
Management of cataract
Phacoemulsification
Describe dry ARMD
Drusen push retina away from choroid
Describe wet ARMD
Bleeding pushes retina away from choroid
Risk factors for ARMD
Advanced age, Smoking, CVS risk factors, Female, White
Symptoms of ARMD
Decreased vision, Distortion
How to test for distortion in ARMD
Amsler grid
Signs of ARMD
Drusen, Subretinal haemorrhages
Investigations for ARMD
OCT, Fluroscein angiograpghy
Management of dry ARMD
Smoking cessation, Improve nutrition
Management of wet ARMD
Intravitreal anti-VEGF, Laser photocoagulation, Photodynamic therapy
Sequelae of ARMD
Vitreous haemorrhage, Retinal haemorrhage, Blindness
Risk factors for open angle glaucoma
FHx, Black, Myopia, DM, Thyroid eye disease
Symptoms of open angle glaucoma
Decreased vision (peripheral)
