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Medical Terminology > Chpt 8,9 > Flashcards

Chpt 8,9 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cul-de-sac

A

Region in lower abdomen, midway between the rectum and the cell.

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2
Q

amin/o

A

amnion

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3
Q

bartholin/o

A

Bartholin gland

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4
Q

cervic/o

A

cervix, neck

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5
Q

chori/o, chorion/o

A

chorion

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6
Q

colp/o

A

vagina

*also vagin/o

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7
Q

culd/o

A

cul-de-sac

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8
Q

episi/o

A

vulva

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9
Q

galact/o

A

milk

*also lact/o

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10
Q

gynec/o

A

women, female

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11
Q

hyster/o

A

uterus, womb

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12
Q

lact/o

A

milk

*also galact/o

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13
Q

mamm/o

A

breast

*also mast/o

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14
Q

mast/o

A

breast

*also mamm/o

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15
Q

men/o

A

menses, menstruation

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16
Q

metr/o, metri/o

A

uterus

*also uter/o

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17
Q

my/o

A

muscle

*also myom/o

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18
Q

myom/o

A

muscle

*also my/o

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19
Q

nat/i

A

birth

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20
Q

obstetr/o

A

pregnancy and child birth

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21
Q

o/o

A

egg

*also ov/o, ovul/o

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22
Q

oophor/o

A

ovary

*also ovari/o

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23
Q

ov/o

A

egg

*also o/o, ovul/o

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24
Q

ovari/o

A

ovary

*also oophor/o

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25
Q

ovul/o

A

egg

*also ov/o, o/o

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26
Q

perine/o

A

perineum

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27
Q

phor/o

A

to bear

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28
Q

salping/o

A

fallopian tubes

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29
Q

uter/o

A

uterus

*also metr/o, metri/o

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30
Q

vagin/o

A

vagina

*also colp/o

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31
Q

vulv/o

A

vulva

*also episi/o

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32
Q

-arche

A

beginning

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33
Q

-cyesis

A

pregnancy

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34
Q

-gravida

A

pregnant

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35
Q

pseudo-

A

false

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36
Q

-parous

A

bearing, bringing forth

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37
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge, flow

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38
Q

-salpinx

A

fallopian tube

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39
Q

-tocia

A

labor, birth

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40
Q

-version

A

act of turning

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41
Q

Oxy-

A

rapid

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42
Q

dys-

A

painful

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43
Q

endo-

A

within

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44
Q

in-

A

in

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45
Q

Vol-

A

to roll

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46
Q

intra-

A

within

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47
Q

multi-

A

many

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48
Q

nulli-

A

no, not, none

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49
Q

pre-

A

before

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50
Q

primi-

A

first

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51
Q

retro-

A

backward

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52
Q

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

A

Causes cervical canver

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53
Q

endometriosis

A

Endometrial tissue located outside the uterus (abnormal location)
-when it affects the ovaries we get large blood-filled cysts (“chocolate cysts”)

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54
Q

Chocolate cysts

A

Large blood-filled cysts that develop when endometriosis affects the ovaries

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55
Q

fibroids

A

Benign tumors in the uterus. Also calld leiomyomas or leiomyomata

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56
Q

leiomyomata

A

fibroids (benign tumors of the uterus) also called leiomyomas

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57
Q

BRCA1 and BRCA2

A

Mutations that greatly incr risk of developing ovarian and breast cancer.

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58
Q

ovarian cysts

A

Collections of fluid within a sac (cyst) in the ovary.

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59
Q

terat/o

A

monster

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60
Q

teratoma

A

another word for dermoid cysts (type of ovarian cyst)– contain variety of cell types including skin, hair, teeth and cartilage arise from immature egg cells in the ovaries.
-can be malignant

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61
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease (PAD)

A

Inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic region; salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis, endocervitis
-The leading cause of STDs

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62
Q

Sentinel node biopsy (SNB)

A

To determine of the breast tumor has spread to the lymph nodes.

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63
Q

fibrocystic breast disease

A

Numerous small sacs of fluid surrounded by dense strands of fibrous tissue in the breast

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64
Q

abruptio placentae

A

Premature separation of the normally implanted placenta

-Occurs bc of trauma, like a fall, or hypertension.

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65
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

Implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than the normal uterine location.

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66
Q

multiple gestations

A

More than one fetus inside the uterus

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67
Q

placenta previa

A

Implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus.

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68
Q

preeclampsia

A

Abnormal condition assoc with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache

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69
Q

eclampsia

A

The final and most severe phase of untreated preeclampsia

-can cause seizure or death in mother and baby

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70
Q

hydrocephalus

A

accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain

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71
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

Narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum

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72
Q

Pap test (pap smear)

A

Microscopic exam of stained cells removed from the vagina and cervix to detect abnormalities

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73
Q

pregnancy test

A

Blood or urine test to detect the presence of hCG

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74
Q

mammography

A

X-ray of the breast

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75
Q

aspiration

A

Withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with an instrument using suction

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76
Q

cauterization

A

Destruction of tissue by burning

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77
Q

colposcopy

A

Visual exam of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope

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78
Q

conization

A

Removal of a cone-shaped section (cone biopsy) of the cervix

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79
Q

cryosurgery

A

Use of cold temperatures to destroy tissue

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80
Q

culdocentesis

A

Needle aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-sac

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81
Q

dilation (dilitation) and curettage (D&C)

A

Widening the cervix and scraping off the endometrial lining of the uterus

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82
Q

tubal litagation

A

Blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization

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83
Q

amniocentesis

A

Needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis

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84
Q

AB

A

abortion

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85
Q

AFP

A

alpha-fetoprotein

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86
Q

BRCA1 and BRCA 2

A

Breast cancer 1 and 2

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87
Q

BSE

A

breast self-examination

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88
Q

C-section

A

cesarean section

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89
Q

CS

A

cesarean section

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90
Q

CIN

A

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

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91
Q

CIS

A

carcinoma in situ

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92
Q

CVS

A

chorionic cillus sampling

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93
Q

Cx

A

cervix

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94
Q

D&C

A

dilation (dilitation) and curretage

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95
Q

DCIS*

A

ductal carcinoma in situ

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96
Q

DUB

A

dysfunctional uterine bleeding

97
Q

FSH

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

98
Q

G

A

gravida (pregnant)

99
Q

GYN

A

gynecology

100
Q

hCG, HCG

A

human chorionic gonadotropin

101
Q

HPV

A

human papillomavirus

102
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

103
Q

IUD

A

intrauterine device

104
Q

IVF

A

in vitro fertilization

105
Q

LEEP

A

loop electrocautery excision

106
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

107
Q

LMP*

A

last menstrual period

108
Q

OB

A

obstetrics

109
Q

para 2-0-1-2

A

a womans full reproductive history; 2 full-term infants, 0 preterm, 1 abortion and 2 living children.

110
Q

PID

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

111
Q

PMS

A

premenstrual syndrome

112
Q

SLN biopsy

A

sentinel lymph node biopsy

113
Q

SNB

A

sentinel lymph node biopsy

114
Q

TAH-BSO

A

total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

115
Q

VH

A

vaginal hysterectomy

116
Q

study of the newborn

A

neonatology

117
Q

hormone that stimulates the pregnant uterus to contract

A

oxytocin

118
Q

secretion of milk

A

lactation

119
Q

removal of the entire uterus

A

total hysterectomy

120
Q

inflammation of the neck of the uterus

A

cervicitis

121
Q

branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth

A

obstetrics

122
Q

outermost membrane surrounding the fetus

A

chorion

123
Q

removal of both fallopian tubes and both ovaries

A

bilaterial salpingo-oophorectomy

124
Q

inflammation of the external female genitalia and vagina

A

vulvovaginitis

125
Q

needle puncture to remove fluid from the cul-de-sac

A

culdocentesis

126
Q

(T/F) After a total (complete) hysterectomy, a woman still has regular menstrual periods.

A

F- total hysterectomy means removal of the entire uterus so that menstruation does not occur.

127
Q

(T/F) After a total hysterectomy, a woman may still produce estrogen and progesterone

A

T- total hysterectomy doesn’t mean that the ovaries have been removed.

128
Q

(T/F) After a total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, a doctor may advise hormone replacement therapy.

A

T- This may be necessary to treat symptoms of estrogen los and to prevent bone deterioration

129
Q

(T/F) A pap test can detect cervical dysplasia.

A

T- a pap test can detect abnormal changes in the cervix from a cervical dysplasia to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

130
Q

(T/F) Human chorionic gonadotropin is produced by the ovaries during pregnancy.

A

F- hCG is produced in the PLACENTA during pregnancy

131
Q

(T/F) Gynecomastia is a common condition in pregnant women.

A

F- gynecomastia is incr breast development in men

132
Q

(T/F) Treatment for endometriosis is uterine myomectomy.

A

F- myomectomy means removal of muscle tumors (fibroids). Endometriosis is abnormal location of uterine tissue outside the uterine lining.

133
Q

(T/F) A gravida 3 para 2 is a woman who has given birth 3 times.

A

F- woman who has had 2 children but is pregnant with her 3rd.

134
Q

(T/F) A null gravida is a woman who is had several pregnancies.

A

F- no pregnancies

135
Q

(T/F) Pseudocyesis is the same condition as tubal pregnancy.

A

F- pseudocyesis is a false pregnancy. A tubal pregnancy is an ex of an ectopic pregnancy.

136
Q

(T/F) Fibrocystic changes in the breast are a malignant condition.

A

F- Fibrocystic changes in the breast are a benign condition.

137
Q

(T/F) Cystadenomas occur in the ovaries.

A

T- cystadenomas are glandular sacs lined with tumor cells; occur in ovaries

138
Q

(T/F) FSH and LH are ovarian hormones

A

F- they are pituitary gland hormones. Estrogen and progesterone are secreted by the ovaries.

139
Q

amenorrhea

A

no menstrual flow

140
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstrual flow

141
Q

leukorrhea

A

while discharge

142
Q

metrorrhagia (definition)

A

bleeding from the uterus at irregular intervals

143
Q

galactorrhea

A

abnormal discharge of milk from the breasts

144
Q

menorrhagia (definition)

A

prolonged menstrual periods occurring at regular intervals

145
Q

pyosalpinx

A

pus in the fallopian tubes

146
Q

dysparuenia

A

painful sexual intercourse

147
Q

menometrorrhagia

A

heavy bleeding at or bw menstrual periods

148
Q

oligomenorrhea

A

scanty menstrual flow

149
Q

chlamydial infection causing inflammation in the lower, neck-like portion of the uterus

A

cervicitis

150
Q

condition during pregnancy or shortly thereafter, marked by hypertension, proteinuria, and edema.

A

preeclampsia

151
Q

uterine tissue located outside the uterus – for ex, in the ovaries, cul-de-sac, fallopian tubes, or peritoneum.

A

endometriosis

152
Q

premature separation of normally implanted placenta

A

abruptio placentae

153
Q

placenta implantation over the cervical opening

A

placenta previa

154
Q

more than one fetus inside the uterus

A

multiple gestations

155
Q

malignant condition that can be diagnosed by a pap test, revealing dysplastic changes in cells

A

cervical carcinoma

156
Q

malignant condition of the inner lining of the uterus

A

endometrial carcinoma

157
Q

benign muscle tumor in the uterus

A

leiomyoma

158
Q

Dr. Hanson felt it was impt to do a (culdocentesis, Pap test, amniocentesis) once yearly on each of her GYN patients to screen for abnormal cells.

A

pap test

159
Q

When Doris missed her period, her dr checked for the presence of (LH, IUD, hCG) to see if she was pregnant.

A

hCG

160
Q

Ellen was 34 weeks pregnant and experiencing head headaches and blurry vision, with a 10 lb weight gain in 2 days. Dr. Murphy told her to go to the obstetric emergency department bc she suspected (preeclampsia, pelvic inflammatory disease, fibroids)

A

preeclampsia

161
Q

52 y/o Sally noticed increasing pain, fullness, and swelling in her abdomen. She had history of ovarian cancer, so her physician recommended (sentinel node biopsy, pelvic ultrasonography, colposcopy)

A

pelvic ultrasonography

162
Q

Clara knew that she could not ignore her fevers and yellow vaginal discharge and the pain in her side. She had previous episodes of (PMS, PID, HRT) treated with IV antibiotics. She was worried that she might have a recurrence.

A

PID

163
Q

After years of trying to become pregnant, Jill decided to speak to her (hematologist, gynecologist, urologist) about in vitro (gestation, parturition, fertilization)

A
  • gynecologist

- fertilization

164
Q

To harvest her ova, Jills physician prescribed hormones to stimulate egg maturation and (coitus, lactation, ovulation). Ova were surgically removed and fertilized with sperm cells in a Petri dish.

A

ovulation

165
Q

Next, multiple embryos were implanted into Jill’s (fallopian tube, vagina, uterus), and she received hormones to ensure survival of at least one embryo.

A

uterus

166
Q

The IVF was successful and after (abdominal CT, ultrasound exam, pelvimetry), Jill was told that she would receive twins in 8.5 months.

A

ultrasound

167
Q

At 37 weeks, Jill went into labor. Under continuous (chorionic villus sampling, culdocentesis, fetal monitoring), two healthy infants were delivered vaginally.

A

fetal monitoring

168
Q

At age 41, Carol had a screening (hysterosalpingogram, mammogram, conization) of her breasts. The results shows tiny calcium deposits or calcifications, behind her (areola, chorion, adnexae uteri). A core needle (laparoscopy, colposcopy, biopsy) was performed and shows cells that were in early sign of cancer called (CIN, DCIS, DUB). Her surgical oncologist recommended (lumpectomy, TAH-BSO, chorionic villus sampling) to remove the calcification and surrounding tissue as treatment

A
  • mammogram
  • areola
  • biopsy
  • DCIS
  • lumpectomy
169
Q

andr/o

A

male

170
Q

balan/o

A

glans penis

171
Q

cry/o

A

cold

172
Q

crypt/o

A

hidden

173
Q

epididym/o

A

epididymus

174
Q

gon/o

A

seed

175
Q

hydr/o

A

water. fluid

176
Q

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o

A

testis, testicle

*also test/o

177
Q

pen/o

A

penis

178
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate

179
Q

semin/i

A

semen, seed

180
Q

sperm/o, spermat/o

A

spermatozoa, semen

181
Q

test/o

A

testis, testicles

*also orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o

182
Q

varic/o

A

varicose veins

183
Q

vas/o

A

vessel, duct; vas deferens

184
Q

zo/o

A

animal life

185
Q

-genesis

A

formation

186
Q

-one

A

hormone

187
Q

-pexy

A

fixation, put in place

188
Q

cryptorchidism; cryptorchism

A

undescended testicles

189
Q

hydrocele

A

sac of clear fluid in he scrotum

190
Q

testicular torsion

A

twisting of the spermatic cord

-freq in childhood

191
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A

Benign growth of cells within the prostate gland

192
Q

hypospadias

A

Congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip

193
Q

phimosis

A

Narrowing (stricture) of the opening of the prepuce over the glans penis

194
Q

phim/o

A

muzzle

195
Q

chlamydial infection

A

Bacterial invasion of the urethra and reproductive tract.

196
Q

gonorrhea

A

Inflammation of the genital tract mucosa, caused by infection with gonoccoci

197
Q

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

A

Excision of benign prostatic hyperplasia using a resectoscope through the urethra.

198
Q

BPH

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

199
Q

DRE

A

digital rectal examination

200
Q

ED

A

erectile dysfunction

201
Q

GU

A

genitourinary

202
Q

HSV

A

herpes simplex virus

203
Q

PIN

A

prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

-precursor of prostate cancer

204
Q

PSA

A

prostate-specific antigen

205
Q

STI

A

sexually transmitted infection

206
Q

TRUS

A

transrectal ultrasound

207
Q

TURP

A

transurethral resection of the prostate

208
Q

inflammation of the testes

A

orchitis

209
Q

inflammation of the tube that carries the spermatozoa to the vas deferens

A

epididymitis

210
Q

resection of the prostate gland

A

prostatectomy

211
Q

inflammation of the prostate gland

A

prostatitis

212
Q

process of producing (the formation of) sperm cells

A

spermatogenesis

213
Q

fixation of undescended testicle

A

orchiopexy

214
Q

inflammation of the glans penis

A

balanitis

215
Q

condition of scanty sperm

A

oligospermia

216
Q

lack of semen

A

aspermia

217
Q

pertaining to a testicle

A

testicular

218
Q

(T/F) Cryogenic surgery uses cold temps to destroy tissue.

A

T

219
Q

(T/F) Estrogen is an example of an androgen

A

F- Estrogen is a female hormone. Androgens are male hormones.

220
Q

(T/F) Castration (orchiectomy or oophorectomy) is an example of sterilization.

A

T

221
Q

(T/F) A teratoma is a benign tumor of the prostate gland

A

F- Teratoma is a malignant tumor of the testis

222
Q

(T/F) Spermolytic means formation of sperm

A

F- spermolytic is destruction of sperm.

223
Q

(T/F) Balanitis is inflammation of a testicle

A

F- Balanitis is inflammation of the glans penus. Orchitis is the inflammation of a testicle

224
Q

(T/F) Azoospermia causes infertility

A

T

225
Q

(T/F) Aspermia causes intertility

A

T- semen is discharged backward into the urinary bladder

226
Q

(T/F) Seminiferous tubules are the interstitial cells of the testes

A

F- Seminiferous tubules are the parenchymal tissue of the testes

227
Q

(T/F) Testosterone is produced by the parenchymal tissue of the testes

A

F- Testosterone is produced by the interstitial cells of the testis

228
Q

(T/F) Vasectomy produces impotence

A

F- Vasectomy results in the inability of sperm to leave the body in semen. It does not affect erectile dysfunction and does not reproduce impotence.

229
Q

(T/F) Vasovasostomy is an anastomosis that can restore fertility (ability to reproduce offspring)

A

T

230
Q

carcinoma of the prostate gland

A

radical (complete) prostatectomy

231
Q

cryptorchidism

A

orchiopexy

232
Q

sterilization (hormones remain and potency is not impaired)

A

vasectomy

233
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

photoselective vaporization of the prostate

234
Q

abnormal collection of fluid in a scrotal sac

A

hydrocelectomy

235
Q

reversal of sterilization procedure

A

vasovasostomy

236
Q

embryonal carcinoma of the testes

A

orchiectomy

237
Q

phimosis

A

circumcision

238
Q

ligation of swollen, twisted veins above the testes.

A

varicocelectomy

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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