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Medical Terminology > Chpt 19 > Flashcards

Chpt 19 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

neoplasm

A

new growth

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2
Q

Benign tumors grow (fast/slow)

A

slow

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3
Q

Malignant tumors grow (fast/slow)

A

fast

-multiply rapidly

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4
Q

cystic tumors

A

forming large open spaces filled with fluid

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5
Q

fungating tumors

A

Mushrooming pattern of growth in which tumor cells pile one on top of another and project from a tissue surface

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6
Q

inflammatory tumors

A

Having the features of inflammation – that is, redness, swelling and heat
-result from the tumor blocking lymphatic drainage.

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7
Q

medullary tumors

A

Large, soft, fleshy tumors

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8
Q

necrotic tumors

A

containing dead tissue

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9
Q

polypoid tumor

A

Growths that form projections extending outward from a base

  • risk of becoming malignant
  • 2 types: sessile and pedunculated
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10
Q

sessile tumor

A
  • type of polypoid tumor

- extend from a BROAD BASE

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11
Q

pedunculated tumor

A
  • type of polypoid tumor

- extend from a STEM or STALK

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12
Q

ulcerating tumor

A

Characterized by an open, exposed surface resulting from the death of overlying tissue

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13
Q

verrucous tumor

A

Resembling a wart-like growth

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14
Q

alveolar (microscopic description)

A

Tumor cells form patterns resembling small sacs

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15
Q

carcinoma in situ

A

Referring to LOCALIZED tumor cells that have no invaded adj structures

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16
Q

diffuse

A

spreading evenly throughout the affected tissue

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17
Q

dysplastic

A

Containing abnormal-appearing cells that are not clearly cancerous
-ex dysplastic nevi (moles)

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18
Q

epidermoid

A

Resembling squamous epithelial cells

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19
Q

follicular

A

Forming small glandular sacs

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20
Q

papillary

A

Forming small, finger-like or nipple-like projections of cells

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21
Q

pleomorphic

A

Composed of a variety of types of cells

-many shapes

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22
Q

scirrhous

A

Densely packed tumors, due to dense bands of fibrous tissue

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23
Q

undifferentiated

A

Lacking microscopic structures typical of normal mature cells

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24
Q

Tumor-node metastasis (TNM)

A

international staging system

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25
Q

alopecia

A
  • side effect of radiotherapy
  • baldness
  • may be permanent or temporary
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26
Q

fibrosis

A
  • side effect of radiotherapy

- incr in connective tissue in normal tissues

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27
Q

alveol/o

A

small sac

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28
Q

Mucositis

A
  • side effect of radiotherapy

- inflammation and ulceration of mucous membranes

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29
Q

Myelosuppression

A
  • side effect of radiotherapy

- bone marrow depression – anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia

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30
Q

Pneumonitis

A
  • side effect of radiotherapy

- inflammation of the lungs

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31
Q

cac/o

A

bad

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32
Q

-hexia

A

state or condition

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33
Q

cachexia

A

bad state/condition

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34
Q

carcin/o

A

cancer, cancerous

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35
Q

cauter/o

A

burn, heat

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36
Q

chem/o

A

chemical, drug

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37
Q

cry/o

A

cold

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38
Q

cyst/o

A

sac of fluid

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39
Q

fibr/o

A

fibers

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40
Q

follicul/o

A

small glandular sacs

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41
Q

fung/i

A

fungus, mushroom

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42
Q

medull/o

A

soft, inner part

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43
Q

mucos/o

A

mucous membrane

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44
Q

mut/a

A

genetic change

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45
Q

-tion

A

process

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46
Q

mutation

A

process of genetic change

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47
Q

mutagen/o

A

causing genetic change

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48
Q

necr/o

A

death

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49
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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50
Q

onc/o

A

tumor

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51
Q

papill/o

A

nipple-like

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52
Q

plas/o

A

formation

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53
Q

ple/o

A

many, more

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54
Q

pleomorphic

A

pertaining to many shapes

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55
Q

polyp/o

A

polyp

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56
Q

prot/o

A

first

57
Q

-oid

A

resembling

58
Q

-col

A

glued page

59
Q

radi/o

A

rays

60
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh, connective tissue

61
Q

scirrh/o

A

hard

62
Q

xer/o

A

dry

63
Q

-blastoma

A

immature tumor

64
Q

-genesis

A

formation

65
Q

-oma

A

mass, tumor

66
Q

-plasia

A

growth, formation

*also plasm

67
Q

-plasm

A

growth, formation

*also -plasia

68
Q

-supression

A

to stop

69
Q

-therapy

A

treatment

70
Q

ana-

A

backward

71
Q

apo-

A

off, away

72
Q

brachy-

A

short (distance)

73
Q

epi-

A

upon

74
Q

meta-

A

beyond, change

75
Q

tele-

A

far

76
Q

AFP

A

alpha-feto protein

77
Q

BMT

A

bone marrow transplantation

78
Q

bx

A

biopsy

79
Q

CA

A

cancer

80
Q

CEA

A

carcinoembryonic antigen

81
Q

chemo

A

chemotherapy

82
Q

CSF

A

colony-stimulating factor

83
Q

DES

A

diethylstilbestrol

84
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

85
Q

EDFR

A

epidermal growth factor receptor

86
Q

ER

A

estrogen receptor

87
Q

EPO

A

erythropoietin

88
Q

GIST

A

gastrointestinal stromal tumor

89
Q

H&E

A

hematoxylin and eosin

90
Q

HNPCC

A

hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer

91
Q

IHC

A

immunohistochemistry

92
Q

NED

A

no evidence of disease

93
Q

NHL

A

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

94
Q

Pap smear

A

Papanicolaou smear

95
Q

PSA

A

prostate-specific antigen

96
Q

RT

A

radiation therapy

97
Q

TNM

A

tumor-nodes-metastases

98
Q

XRT

A

radiation therapy

99
Q

RT

A

radiation therapy

100
Q

Which tumor develops from a dysplastic nevi

A

melanoma

101
Q

Which tumor arises from an organ located within the mediastinum?

A

thymoma

102
Q

Which tumor arises from an organ in the RUQ of the abdomen?

A

hepatoma

103
Q

Which tumor has types called astrocytoma, ependymoma, glioblastoma multiforme?

A

glioma

104
Q

Which tumor is also known as renal cell carcinoma?

A

hypernephroma

105
Q

Which tumor is characterized by large numbers of plasma cells (bone marrow antibody-producing cells)?

A

multiple myeloma

106
Q

Which tumor arises from membrane cells surrounding the lungs?

A

mesothelioma

107
Q

Which tumor has a type known as Hodgkin disease?

A

lymphoma

108
Q

small nipple-like projections

A

papillary

109
Q

abnormal formation of cells

A

dysplastic

110
Q

localized growth of cells

A

carcinoma in situ

111
Q

densely packed; containing fibrous tissue

A

sscirrhous

112
Q

pattern resembling small, microscopic sacs

A

alveolar

113
Q

small, round, gland-type clusters

A

follicular

114
Q

variety of cell types

A

pleomorphic

115
Q

lacking structures typical of mature cells

A

undifferentiated

116
Q

spreading evenly throughout the tissue

A

diffuse

117
Q

resembling epithelial cells

A

epidermoid

118
Q

containing dead tissue

A

necrotic

119
Q

mushrooming pattern of growth: tumor cells pole on top of each other

A

fungating

120
Q

characterized by large, open, exposed surfaces

A

ulcerating

121
Q

characterized by redness, swelling, and heat

A

inflammatory

122
Q

growths and projections from a base; sessile and pedunculated tumors are examples

A

polypoid

123
Q

tumors form large, open spaces filled with fluid; serous and mucinous tumors are examples

A

cystic

124
Q

tumors resemble wart-like growths

A

verrucous

125
Q

tumors are large, soft and fleshy

A

medullary

126
Q

Ulceration of lining cells in the mouth caused by radiation to the jaw

A

oral mucositis

127
Q

Radiation to the lungs causes inflammation of the lungs

A

pneumonitis

128
Q

Chemotherapy for ovarian cancer causes loss of hair on the head

A

alopecia

129
Q

Bone marrow destruction with leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia

A

myelosupression

130
Q

Radiation to the lungs causes incr in connective tissue

A

fibrosis

131
Q

Radiation of salivary glands causes dryness of mouth

A

xerostomia

132
Q

New type of growths arise at a site separate from the primary tumor

A

secondary tumors

133
Q

Pauline was diagnosed with a meningioma, which is usually a/an (benign, anaplastic, necrotic) tumor. The dr told her that it was not malignant, but that it should be removed bc of the pressure it was causing on the surrounding tissues.

A

benign

134
Q

Marlene underwent surgical resection of her breast mass. Dr. Smith recommended (defifferentiated, modality, adjuvant) therapy bc her tumor was large and she had one positive lymph node.

A

adjuvant

135
Q

Mr. Elder had difficulty urinating and had an elevated PSA test. Dr. Jones examined him and found a hard prostate gland. (Laparoscopy, Electrocauterization, Biopsy) demonstrated adenocarcinoma

A

biopsy

136
Q

During the days following her chemo, Doris experienced loss of appetite (fibrosis, nausea, xerostomia). Blood tests revealed low levels of blood cells, indicating (hematopoiesis, myeloma, myelosuppression). Her physician prescribed (EPO, VEGF, DES) for anemia and (Ca, cGy, G-CSF) for leukopenia

A
  • nausea
  • myelosuppression
  • EPO
  • G-CSF
137
Q

After Mr. Smith was diagnosed with lung cancer, his tumor was staged IIIA (T1N0M0, T3N0M0, T1-3N2M0). This indicated findings of (tumor

A

T1-3N2M0

-tumor with involvement of ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes but no metastases

138
Q

Mr. Smith’s dr told him he needed (CA-125, XRT, PSA) bc his tumor was nonoperable and could not be (resected, irradiated, electrocauterized).

A
  • XRT

- resected

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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