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Medical Terminology > Chpt 18 > Flashcards

Chpt 18 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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2
Q

adrenal/o

A

adrenal gland

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3
Q

gonad/o

A

sex glands (ovaries and testes)

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4
Q

-tropin

A

to act on

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5
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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6
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid

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7
Q

pituitar/o

A

pituitary gland

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8
Q

thyr/o

A

thyroid gland

*also thryroid/o

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9
Q

thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

*also thyr/o

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10
Q

andr/o

A

male

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11
Q

calc/o, calci/o

A

calcium

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12
Q

cortic/o

A

cortex, outer region

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13
Q

crin/o

A

secrete

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14
Q

dips/o

A

thirst

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15
Q

estr/o

A

female

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16
Q

gluc/o

A

sugar

*also glyc/o

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17
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar

*also gluc/o

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18
Q

home/o

A

sameness

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19
Q

-stasis

A

to control

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20
Q

hormon/o

A

hormone

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21
Q

kak/i

A

potassium

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22
Q

lact/o

A

milk

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23
Q

myx/o

A

mucus

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24
Q

-in

A

substance

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25
Q

prolactin

A

substance before milk

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26
Q

myxedema

A

collection of mucus

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27
Q

natr/o

A

sodium

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28
Q

phys/o

A

growing

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29
Q

somat/o

A

body

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30
Q

ster/o

A

solid-structure

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31
Q

toc/o

A

childbirth

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32
Q

oxy-

A

rapid, sharp, acid

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33
Q

toxic/o

A

poison

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34
Q

ur/o

A

urine

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35
Q

-agon

A

assemble, gather together

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36
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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37
Q

-ine

A

substance

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38
Q

-tropin

A

stimulating the function of (to turn or act on)

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39
Q

-uria

A

urine condition

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40
Q

eu-

A

good, normal

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41
Q

hyper-

A

excessive, above

42
Q

hypo-

A

deficient, below

43
Q

pan-

A

all

44
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

overactivity of the thyroidggland; thyrotoxicosis

-(graves disease) causes exophthalmos and goiter

45
Q

exophthalmos

A
  • protrusion of the eyeballs

- due to hyperthyroidism (grave’s disease)

46
Q

Graves disease

A

-most common form of hyperthyroidism

47
Q

adrenal virilism

A

excessive secretion of adrenal androgens

48
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

Group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex.
-obesity, fullness of face, fat in thoracic region of back (buffalo hump), hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, osteoporosis, virilization, hypertension.

49
Q

Addison disease

A

Hypo-functioning of the adrenal cortex

50
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

Benign tumor of the adrenal medulla

-tumor cells stain a dark (phe/o) color (chrom/o)

51
Q

diabetes mellitus (DM)

A

Lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells.

  • Mellitus means sweet
  • Type 1 and 2
52
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A
  • type of diabetes mellitus

- autoimmune disease

53
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A
  • type of diabetes mellitus

- patients older than type 1 and its familial

54
Q

Secondary (long term) complications of diabetes mellitus

A
  • may appear years after development of diabetes
  • diabetic retinopathy –> vision loss
  • diabetic nephropathy –> destr of kidneys
  • atherosclerosis –> stroke, ischemia, heart disease
  • diabetic neuropathy –> destr of nerves
  • gastropariesis –> paralysis of GI (loss of gastric motility)
55
Q

gestational diabetes

A

-result of hormonal changes during pregnancy

56
Q

acromegaly

A

Hypersecretion of growth hormone from anterior pituitary AFTER puberty, leading to enlargement of extremities

57
Q

gigantism

A

Hyper secretion of growth hormone from anterior pituitary BEFORE puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues

58
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

Deficiency in all pituitary hormones

59
Q

syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

A

Excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

60
Q

diabetes insipidus (DI)

A

Insufficient secretion of ADH (vasopressin), so kidneys can’t retain water –> polyuria, polydipsia
-Insipidus = tastless

61
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

62
Q

ADH

A

anti-diuretic hormone (vasopressin)

63
Q

DI

A

diabetes insipidus

64
Q

DKA

A

diabetic ketoacidosis

65
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

66
Q

FBG

A

fasting blood glucose

67
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

68
Q

FSH

A

follicle stimulating hormone

69
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

70
Q

HbA(1c)/ HBA1C test

A

test for presence of glucose attached to hemoglobin

71
Q

hCG/ HCG

A

human chorionic gonadotropin

72
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

73
Q

OT

A

oxytocin

74
Q

OXT

A

oxytocin

75
Q

PRL

A

prolactin

76
Q

PTH

A

parathyroid hormone (parathormone)

77
Q

SIADH

A

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

78
Q

T3

A

triiodothyronine

79
Q

T4

A

thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine)

80
Q

TSH

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone

81
Q

abnormal condition (poison) of they thyroid gland

A

thyrotoxicosis

82
Q

removal of the pancreas

A

pancreatectomy

83
Q

condition of deficiency or underdevelopment of the sex organs

A

hypogonadism

84
Q

pertaining to producing female (characteristics)

A

estrogenic

85
Q

removal of the pituitary gland

A

hypophysectomy

86
Q

deficiency of calcium in the blood

A

hypocalcemia

87
Q

excessive sugar in the blood

A

hyperglycemia

88
Q

inflammation of the thyroid gland

A

thyroiditis

89
Q

specialist in the study of hormone disorders

A

endocrinologist

90
Q

hyponatremia

A

condition of deficient sodium in the blood

91
Q

polydipsia

A

condition of increased thirst

92
Q

hyperkalemia

A

condition of excessive potassium in the blood

93
Q

glycosuria

A

condition of sugar in the urine

94
Q

euthyroid

A

normal thyroid

95
Q

hyperthyroidism (word)

A

condition of excessive thyroid hormone

96
Q

tetany

A

constant muscle contraction (result of hypoparathyroidism)

97
Q

ketoacidosis

A

condition of excessive ketones (acids) in blood

-result of diabetes mellitus

98
Q

Phyllis was diagnosed with Graves disease when her husband notices her (panhypopituitarism, hirtuism, exophthalmos). Her eyes were bulging out

A

-exophthalmos

99
Q

Helen had a primary brain tumor called (pituitary, thyroid, adrenal) adenoma. Her entire endocrine system was disrupted, and her physician recommended surgery and radiation therapy to relive her symptoms.

A

pituitary

100
Q

Bobby was brought into the ER bc he was found passed out in the kitchen. He had forgotten his insulin and had developed (Cushing disease, hyperparathyroidism, diabetic ketoacidosis)

A

-diabetic ketoacidosis

101
Q

Bc her 1-hr test of blood sugar was slightly abnormal, Selma’s obstetrician ordered a (glucose tolerance test, thyroid function test, Pap smear) to rule out gestational (hyperthyroidism, chlamydial infection, diabetes)

A
  • glucose tolerance test

- diabetes

102
Q

Mary notices that she had gained weight recently and that her face had a moon-like fullness with new heavy hair growth. Blood and urine tests showed excessive secretion of adrenal (mineralcorticoids, catecholamines, glucocorticoids). Her diagnostic work-up included a/an (CT scan of the abdomen, MRI study of the head, chest x-ray), which revealed enlargement of both (kidneys, adrenal glands, lobes of the brain). Her doctor made the diagnosis of (Graves disease, Cushing syndrome, Addison disease).

A
  • mineralcorticoids
  • CT of the abdomen
  • adrenal glands
  • Cushing syndrome

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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