Chp 2- chemical level or organization

Question 1

what is the smallest unit of matter?

Answer 1

atoms

Question 2

in atoms, the # of protons is equal to?

Answer 2

the # of electrons

Question 3

in atoms what is true about shells and energy?

Answer 3

they are equal

Question 4

what are isotopes?

Answer 4

different atomic forms of the same element

Question 5

how do isotopes differ from their original element?

Answer 5

same # of protons but different # of neutrons

Question 6

what are medical isotopes used for?

Answer 6

cancer treatments and medical imaging (ex: iodine 131 for imaging)

Question 7

what are radioactive isotopes used for?

Answer 7

nuclear medicine (ex: PET scan)

Question 8

what type of molecule is water and what bond does it have with oxygen and hydrogen?

Answer 8

polar molecule and formed with a covalent bond (unequal sharing of electrons)

Question 9

what does water do for the body? (hint: 5 things)

Answer 9

transports, the universal solvent, chemical reactions, lubricant and helps regulate body temperature

Question 10

Inorganic compounds are?

Answer 10

small and doesn’t have carbon except in CO2, H2CO3 and HCO3

Question 11

what are organic compounds?

Answer 11

has carbon, tends to be long and usually are covalent bonds

Question 12

in water what are the charges associated with each molecule?

Answer 12

the negative charge is with oxygen and positive charge is with hydrogen

Question 13

What is an example of a buffer system

Answer 13

bicarbonate

Question 14

what are antacid reactions?

Answer 14

antacids use sodium bicarbonate to neutralize excess hydrochloric acid

Question 15

what is a triglyceride made of?

Answer 15

three fatty acids and a glycerol chain

Question 16

what is a phospholipid made of?

Answer 16

fatty acid tails with a phosphate head and a glycerol neck

Question 17

what is amphipathic?

Answer 17

polar end and a non-polar end molecule

Question 18

what is cholesterol made of?

Answer 18

a hydroxyl group and hydrocarbon side chain

Question 19

what are the steps in protein structure?

Answer 19

Primary structure made with a sequence of amino acids, the secondary structure which is an alpha helix or beta-pleated sheet usually kept together with hydrogen bonds, the tertiary structure is coiling and coiling of polypeptides usually a covalent bond, and then a quaternary structure which each polypeptide subunit has its own first and second structures.