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Biology 30 > Chp 1/ Chp 14 Test > Flashcards

Chp 1/ Chp 14 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

The 6 themes of biology

A

1) cell structure and function
2) stability and homeostasis
3) reproduction and inheritance
4) evolution
5) interdependence of organisms
6) matter, energy, and organization

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2
Q

Characteristics of life

A

1) All living things have cells
2) All living thing are organized at molecular and cellular levels
3) Use energy in a process called metabolism
4) Stable internal conditions (homeostasis)
5) All living things grow
6) All living things can reproduce

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3
Q

Biology

A

The study of all living things

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4
Q

Scientific methods

A

Observing, asking and question, collecting data, hypothesizing, experimenting, and drawing conclusions

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5
Q

Observation

A

Using one of the five senses to perceive objects or events. Observe

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6
Q

Quantitive data

A

Data that can be measured in numbers

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7
Q

Sampling

A

Using a sample ( a small part ) to represent an entire population. Must be large and at random.

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8
Q

Hypothesis

A

A statement that explains observations and CAN BE TESTED

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9
Q

Prediction

A

Scientists make a prediction when testing a hypothesis. Its a statement made in advance that states what result will be obtained from testing the hypothesis

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10
Q

Controlled experiment

A

Based on the comparison of a control group with an experimental group.

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11
Q

Independent variable

A

Doesn’t depend on anything. The controlled group and experimental group are identical except for the independent variable

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12
Q

Dependent variable

A

Is driven by or results from the independent variable

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13
Q

Model

A

A model is an explanation supported by data. It can be visual, verbal or mathematical. Scientists can use models to help generate new hypotheses or predictions

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14
Q

Analyzing data

A

Is the data reliable and does it support or not support the hypothesis or prediction

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15
Q

Inference

A

A conclusion made on the basis of facts or premises rather than direct observations

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16
Q

Theory

A

A broad and comprehensive statement of what is thought to be true. Supported by considerable evidence and may tie together several related hypotheses.

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17
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining stable internal conditions

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18
Q

Autotroph

A

Organism that obtain energy by making their own food

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19
Q

Heterotroph

A

Organisms that need to take in food to meet their energy needs

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20
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Hereditary information from two parts of a single organism or from two organism from the same species is combined

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21
Q

Magnification

A

The increase of an objects apparent size

22
Q

Resolution

A

The power to show details clearly

23
Q

Conclusion

A

Final decision reached by reasoning

24
Q

Compound Light microscope

A

Used to see small organism and cells. Specimen is mounted on glass and must be sliced thin enough to be transparent or very small. ( light goes through it)

25
Q

Transmission electron microscope

A

Transmits a beam of electrons THROUGH a thinly sliced specimen. Can magnify objects up to 200,000 times. Can only view non living specimens

26
Q

Scanning electron microscope

A

Provides 3D images of specimen. Not sliced for viewing. Shows the OUTSIDE of specimen. Specimen is sprayed with metal coating and a beam of electrons is passed over specimen’s surface. Magnifies objects up to 100,000 times and only used for non living specimens.

27
Q

Unicellular organisms

A

Organisms composed of only one cell. Cell division of unicellular organisms result in more identical organisms

28
Q

Multicellular organisms

A

Most living things ate multicellular, composed of more that one cell. Cell division and cell enlargement together results in diverse growth

29
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Hereditary info from two different organisms is NOT combined. One cell gives rise to two cells

30
Q

Natural selection

A

Organisms that have certain favourable traits are better able to successfully reproduce than those who lack these traits. Only the best traits are left and this causes a gradual change in population of organisms over many generations

31
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process of capturing energy from the sun and turning it into a form of energy that can be used by living things.

32
Q

Spotaneous generation

A

It was widely thought that living things could arise from non living things

33
Q

Redis experiment

A

Redi observed that tiny worm like maggots turned into sturdy oval cases and flies would emerge. His experiments was to test if flies were generating spontaneously on rotting meat. He had an experimental group with netting covered jars of meat and a control group with uncovered jars of meat. The netting allowed air to enter but not flies. The results showed that maggots appeared on the meat in the open jars but not the covered ones. This proved that flies could only form from eggs laid by other flies

34
Q

Spallanzanis experiment

A

Tested microorganisms growth in broth. He boiled broth and in the controlled group he left the flasks open and in the experimental group he sealed the flasks. The sealed flask remained clear and the open ones were cloudy. People did not agree with this experiment because they thought he boiled the broth too long killing the vital force in the air

35
Q

Pasteurs experiment

A

He made a curve- necked flask that allowed air inside the flask to mix with air outside the flask. The curve prevented solid particles from entering the broth. The broth remained clear until he broke off the curve necks and it became cloudy. This showed that microorganisms forms from the air

36
Q

Radioactive dating

A

Methods of establishing the age of materials

37
Q

Radioactive isotopes

A

Isotopes with unstable nuclei that tend to decay/ release particles or radiant energy or both

38
Q

Radioactive decay

A

What radioactive isotopes undergo when they are unstable

39
Q

Half life

A

The length of time it takes for one half of any sample size of an isotope to decay

40
Q

Fossil dating

A

Fossils can sometimes be dated by using radioactive isotopes half life. If the time it takes for the isotopes to decay is greater than the age of fossil you can find its age

41
Q

Microsphere

A

Cell like structure that can form spontaneously under specific conditions. Spherical in shape and composed of many protein molecules that are organized as a membrane. Can bud to form smaller microspheres. Help understand how first cells came to be

42
Q

Coacervates

A

Collection of droplets composed of molecules of different types. Can form spontaneously under certain conditions.

43
Q

Oparins hypothesis

A

Thought the early atmosphere contained ammonia, hydrogen gas, water vapour, and methane. At temps above boiling point, these gases might have formed simple organic compounds. When these compounds entered complex reactions fueled by lightning, it would have resulted in macromolecules.

44
Q

Miller-Urey experiment

A

A chamber contained the gases oparin assumed were present in the early earths atmosphere. As the gases circulated in the chamber, electric sparks supplied energy to drive the chemical reactions and create various organic compounds. This experiment did not prove the theory but supported it

45
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

when a small cells lives and reproduces inside a bigger cell and has a mutually beneficial relationship. The small cell gets protections and nutrients from big cell. Big cell gets energy left over from small cell.

46
Q

Chloroplasts and mitochondria.

A

Replicate independently, contain some of there own genes, have double membranes

47
Q

Lytic cycle (virus replication)

A

1) virus attaches to receptors on the cell wall
2) injects its DNA
3) protein coats and virus DNA is being built
4) assembled into a functional virus
5) cell burst and viruses are released

48
Q

Explain Why viruses are not living organisms and what they have in common with living organisms

A

They dont have cells but are made of protein and use nucleic acid

49
Q

2 basic parts of viruses

A

Outer protective layer of protein and inner layer of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)

50
Q

Bacteriophage diagram

A

Capsut(head), protein coat, nucleic acid, collar, sheath, tail, tail fibers

51
Q

Viroids

A

Have short single stand of RNA and has no capsid. The simple RNA molecules are able to disrupt plant cell metabolism and damage entire crops

52
Q

Prions

A

Abnormal forms of proteins that clump together inside a cell. They are composed of about 250 amino acids and have no associated nucleic acid

Biology 30 (2 decks)

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