Chest, abdo, multi trauma

Question 1

Kinematics

Answer 1

process of predicting injury patterns

take into account mechanism of injury, force of energy applied, anatomy, energy

Question 2

Trunkey invented

Answer 2

trimodal distribution - immediate, early and late deaths
head injuries - surgery within 4 hours
haemorrhage - 20 mins

Question 3

Cowley invented

Answer 3

golden hour

Question 4

Primary injuries immediate deaths

Answer 4

lacerations to the brain, brain stem, upper spinal cord, heart, aorta, other large vessels
airway obstruction

Question 5

Primary injuries in early deaths

Answer 5

subdural and epidural haematomas, ruptured spleen, haemopneumothorax, lacerations of the liver, fractured femur or multiple injuries associated with significant blood loss

Question 6

Primary injuries in late deaths

Answer 6

sepsis, infection, multiple organ failure, severe brain injury

Question 7

Steps of Trauma critical guidelines

Answer 7

1. identify vital signs abnormality
2. identify specific injuries
3. identify high risk criteria

Question 8

Phases of trauma care

Answer 8

pre-incident - injury prevention
incident - prehospital care, emergency department
post-incident - definitive care, rehab etc

Question 9

Mechanisms of injury

Answer 9

penetrating, blunt

Question 10

Frontal impact MVA infjuries

Answer 10

down and under - downward into vehicle seat and forward into dashboard and steering column
up and over - body strike steering wheel

Question 11

Beck’s triad

Answer 11

elevated CVP
muffled heart sounds
hypotension

= cardiac tamponade

Question 12

Ballistics

Answer 12

projectile’s effect on the body is determined by energy created and dissipated by object into surrounding tissues