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Chemistry Module 2 > Chemistry Module 2 - Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chemistry Module 2 - Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

When an acid is added to a solution, what ion is released into the solution?

A

Hydrogen ion = H(+)

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2
Q

Define an acid

A

An acid = Proton Donor

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3
Q

Describe the dissociation of a strong acid, and of a weak acid.

A

A strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid, releases all its hydrogen atoms into solution as H+ ions.

A weak acid partially dissociates in aqueous solution.

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4
Q

Define a base, and what does it do to an acid.

A

Proton Acceptor + A base neutralises an acid to form a salt.

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5
Q

Define an alkali.

A

An alkali is a base that dissolves in water releasing hydroxide ions (OH-) into the solution.

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6
Q

What base is used to treat acid ingestion?

A

Magnesium hydroxide.

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7
Q

What are amphoteric substances?

A

Substances that at as acids and bases.

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8
Q

Finish the equation:
Metal + Water –>

A

Metal + Water –> Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen

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9
Q

Finish the equation:
Metal + Acid –>

Hint: MASH

A

Metal + Acid –> Salt + Hydrogen

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10
Q

Finish the equation:
Base + Acid –>

Hint: BASHO

A

Base + Acid –> Salt + Water

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11
Q

Finish the equation:
Alkali + Acid –>

A

Alkali + Acid –> Salt + Water

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12
Q

Finish the equation:
Metal Oxide + Acid –>

A

Metal Oxide + Acid –> Salt + Water

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13
Q

Finish the equation:
Metal Carbonate + Acid –>

Hint: CASHOCO

A

Metal Carbonate + Acid –> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

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14
Q

Finish the thermal decomposition equation:
Metal Carbonate –>

A

Metal Carbonate –> Metal Oxide + Carbon Dioxide (on heating)

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15
Q

What is a salt?

A

A compound that is formed when H+ of an ion is replaced by a metal ion or positive ion.

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16
Q

Why are the products the same when acids react with alkali or metal oxides?

A

Both alkali and metal oxides are types of bases.

17
Q

How are ammonium salts formed?

A

When acid reacts with aqueous ammonia.

18
Q

Finish the equation:
Ammonia + Acid –>

A

Ammonia + Acid –> Ammonium salt

19
Q

Finish the equation:
Metal Hydroxide + Acid –>

A

Metal Hydroxide + Acid –> Salt + Water

20
Q

Finish the equation:
Hydrogen carbonate + Acid –>

A

Hydrogen carbonate + Acid –> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

21
Q

What are hydrated crystals?

A

A crystalline structure containing water.

22
Q

What does anhydrous crystals mean?

A

Crystalline form that contains no water.

23
Q

What does a dot formula indicate?

A

The amount of water present in a crystalline structure.

24
Q

Write down the methods to carry out a titration.

A
  1. Using a pipette, measure the volume of a solution.
  2. Add the solution into a conical flask and add an indicator to it.
  3. Add the other solution into a burette and record the volume.
  4. Slowly add the solution in the burette into the conical flask.
  5. Swirl the mixture continuously until the end point is reached.
  6. Repeat until concordant results are obtained.
25
Q

What is the colour of methyl orange in acid, base and at the endpoint?

A

Acid = Red
Base = Yellow
End Point = Orange

26
Q

What is an oxidation number?

A

Oxidation number os based on a set of rules that apply to atoms, and can be thought of as the number of electrons involved in bonding to a different element.

27
Q

What are the rules for elements, when it comes to the oxidation number?

A

The oxidation number is always zero for elements.
1. In a pure element, any bonding is to atoms of the same element.
2. So in H2, O2, P4, S, Na, and Fe, the oxidation number of each atom of the element is 0.

28
Q

What are the rules for compounds and ions, when it comes to the oxidation number?

A
  1. each atom is a compound has an oxidation number.
  2. An oxidation number has a sign, which is placed before the number.
29
Q

How do you work out oxidation numbers in total?

A

Sum of the oxidation numbers = total charge.

30
Q

What does OILRIG stand for?

A

Oxidation = loses electrons

Reduction = gains electrons

31
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

Redox reactions involve reduction and oxidation. If one process happens, so must the other - if something is reduced, something else must be oxidised.

32
Q

What does the redox equal, in terms of oxidation number?

A

Reduction is a decrease in oxidation number.

Oxidation is an increase in oxidation number.

Chemistry Module 2 (4 decks)

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