Chemistry Flashcards
Relative atomic mass
The mass of an atom compared to 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom
Water of crystallisation (definition and how to calculate)
Water molecules chemically bonded to a substance in a crystal formation, to calculate find the mass or percentage of water in the substance and then just divide by 18 and follow the umpirical structure formula
What defines the strength of an acid
How easily it can dissociate into H+ and it’s negative ions
Name 3 acids and 3 bases
HCl, H²SO⁴, HNO⁴, NaOH, KOH, Mg(OH)²
Equation for pressure when not at room temp or pressure
PV= NRT
Pressure (pa) X Volume (m³) = Number of moles X gas constant (8.341) X Temperature (k)
Stoichiometry rules
Find the moles of 1 substance, balance the formula, find the ratio of moles for the reactants/products and then find the true moles of a substance to determine whether the substance is in excess or limiting
Equation for moles, volume and 24 while at room temp and pressure
Moles = volume ÷ 24 (dm³)
The equation for mass, molar mass and moles
Mass = mr X mole
Concentration, moles (or mass) and volume
Concentration= Moles÷ volume
Limiting reactant
The reactant that is not in excess and once it runs out the reaction stops (to find it find the ratio of moles and determine which substance has more moles than needed to react with the other)
Limiting reactant
The reactant that is not in excess and once it runs out the reaction stops (to find it find the ratio of moles and determine which substance has more moles than needed to react with the other)
Standard solution
A solution with a known concentration
How to find mass concentration
Multiply the moles concentration by the mr of the substance
Heating until constant mass
Heating until all the water bonded to a substance evaporates leaving just the mass of the substance behind
