Chemical Reactivity And Mechanisms Flashcards
Measures the transfer of kinetic energy within a system; the change in this is also known as the heat of reaction
Enthalpy
A type of reaction that generates two uncharged species, known as radicals
Homolytic bond cleavage
A molecule with no charge, just an unpaid electron
Radical
A type of reaction that generated two charged species, also known as ions
Heterolytic bond cleavage
The energy required to break a covalent bond via homolytic bond cleavage
Bond dissociation energy
A system that gives energy to the surrounds (negative delta H)
Exothermic
A system that receives energy from the surroundings (positive delta H)
Endothermic
Informal definition: the measure of disorder associated with a system
Entropy
A process involving an increase in entropy is considered this
Spontaneous
Total entropy
Gibbs free energy
Any process with a negative 🔺G will be spontaneous and the process is called this
Exergonic
Any process with a positive 🔺G will not be spontaneous, and this process is called this
endergonic
A state through which a reaction passes; cannot be isolated
Transition state
A state through which a reaction passes; they have a certain, albeit short, lifetime
Intermediates
The principle that in an exothermic reaction, the transition state will be closer to the reactants (and resemble them closer than the products) and that in an endothermic reaction, the transition state with be closer to the products (and resemble them more than the reactants)
Hammond Principle
