Chemcial Elementd And Biolodgical Compounds

Question 1

What is an inorganic ion

Answer 1

One that has a high proportion of carbon atoms in it

Question 2

What is magnesium key for

Answer 2

Constituent of chlorophyll - without magnesium in the soil plants cannot produce chlorophyll and as a result turn yellow

Question 3

Iron

Answer 3

Constituent of haemoglobin transports oxygen in red blood cells - lack of iron can lead to anaemia

Question 4

Phosphate

Answer 4

Making nucleotides e.g atp

Constituent of phospholid

Question 5

Calcium

Answer 5

Important structural component in bones and cell wall in plants

Question 6

Water - what is a dipole

Significance of hydron bonds

Answer 6

Water molecule has a positive charge and negative charge

Large no -have a significant impact -
Holds water molecules apart allowing water to have wide range of properties essential to life

Question 7

Water as a solvent

Answer 7

Dipoles attract other ions e.g polar molecules - glucose these dissolve In water so a chemical reaction takes place
Acts as a transport metabolite e.g. Minerals transported by water in xylem
And sucrose and amino acids in phloem

Question 8

Water as a metabolite

High specific heat capacity

Answer 8

Used in many biochemical reactions e.g maltose and water - glucose and glucose

Large amount of heat energy to raise its temperature
Hydrogen bonds between water molecules restrict movement resisting and increase in kinetic energy and therefore temperature
Prevents large temperature fluctuations in bodies of water
Important for aquatic animals habitat stable so do not have to adapt to extreme temperatures and allows enzymes to work efficiently

Question 9

Water - high latent heat of vaporisation - lots of heat energy to turn a liquid to gas
Temperature control . Heat is used to vaporise water from sweat on skin or from leafs surface

Answer 9

FWater - high latent heat of vaporisation - lots of heat energy to turn a liquid to gas
Temperature control . Heat is used to vaporise water from sweat on skin or from leafs surface

Question 10

Cohesion

Answer 10

Water molecules attract other forming hydrogen bonds individually weak but together the molecules stick together in a lattice allows columns of water to be drawn up xylem vessel in plants

Question 11

Water - high surface tension

Answer 11

At ordinary temperatures has highest surface tension of any liquid except Mercury - in pond cohesion between water molecules at the surface produces tension so pond skaters for example can be supported

Question 12

High density - water

Answer 12

Water is denser than air water has a maximum density at 4 degrees , ice is less dense that water because hydrogen molecules hold water molecules further apart from each other than in a liquid so floats, good insulator , prevents large bodies of water losing heat and freezing completely

Question 13

Water -

Answer 13

S Water - is transparent allowing light to pass through , this lets aquatic plants photosynthesis effectively