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Lift Each Other Up. Were In The Same Boat 💕✌️ > Chem > Flashcards

Chem Flashcards

1
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything that has mass and occupies space

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2
Q

What is an atom?

A

Building blocks

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3
Q

Name the three particles and which of the three have the same mass?

A

Protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons equal neutrons mass.

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4
Q

What does atomic number tell you?

A

The number of protons. Quantity of protons equal quantity of neutrons.

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5
Q

What is the atomic mass?

A

Protons plus neutrons

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6
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

Gas, solid liquid

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7
Q

Describe how the molecules are packed in the three states of matter

A

Gases are densely packed. Liquids are loosely. Gas is not packed.

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8
Q

Which of the three states of matter is easily compressible

A

Gas

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9
Q

What are the two branches of matter?

A

Pure substance
Mixture

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10
Q

What are the two branches of matter?

A

Pure substance
Mixture

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11
Q

What are the two branches of a pure substance?

A

Element
Compound

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12
Q

What is a compound?

A

Two or more elements

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13
Q

What are the two branches of mixture?

A

Homogenous
Heterogenous

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14
Q

Give me an example of homogenous mixture

A

Apple juice equal uniform composition throughout the entire solution

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15
Q

Give me an example of a heterogeneous mixture

A

Dirt, you can see the different contents within it for example rocks, worms, compost etc.

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16
Q

Deposition

A

Gas to solid

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17
Q

Sublimation

A

Solid to gas, for example dry ice

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18
Q

Physical change

A

No change in identity or composition simply just a different state or appearance. for example, ice water steam

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19
Q

Chemical change

A

Altered composition into a different substance for example iron turning into rust. Turning into ash.

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20
Q

Four points in the atomic theory

A
  1. Elements are made out of indestructible atoms
  2. Each element has distinguishable mass and individual property.
  3. Atoms combine to form a compound.
  4. Element cannot change into another element. a chemical change is one the elements changed the way they are bonded to one another, thus the elements remain the same
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21
Q

Who developed the atomic the

A

John Dalton

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22
Q

What holds protons and neutrons together?

A

Nuclear forces within the nucleus

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23
Q

How are the electrons bonded to the nucleus?

A

Electromagnetic force, AKA opposites attract

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24
Q

.

A

Horizontal

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25
Q

Group

A

Vertical column

26
Q

What is the equivalent of a molar mass?

A

Atomic mass

27
Q

What are the three compositions of electron organization?

A

Location, size, and number of valence electrons

28
Q

What does electron configuration tell you?

A

Orbitals occupied by electrons

29
Q

How many electrons does one orbital have?

A

2

30
Q

Differentiate core from valence electrons

A

Core are tightly bonded to nucleus, not involved in chemical bonding, influences reactivity

Valence electrons are not tight, they are involved in chemical bonding and influence properties

31
Q

Aufbau principle

A

spdf exponent thing

32
Q

S p d f

A

Electrons
2 6 10 14

Orbitals
2 3 5 7

33
Q

S p d f

A

Electrons
2 6 10 14

Orbitals
2 3 5 7

34
Q

Which one is smaller and which one is larger than their corresponding atoms in a comp?

A

Cat ions are smaller and anions are larger

35
Q

What increases the ICU go down the group into the left of the period

A

Atomic size

36
Q

What makes electronegativity small?

A

Going down the group and left of the period

37
Q

What is ionization energy?

A

Energy required to remove an electron

38
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

Ability to attract electrons

39
Q

What is the gas law equation?

A

PV equals NRT

40
Q

What is an octet rule?

A

Each atom has eight electrons a.k.a. completed valance

41
Q

From which . can an Atom have more than eight electrons?

A

3

42
Q

What is ionization energy?

A

When metals have low ionization energy and want to form cat ions

43
Q

What is electron affinity

A

When nonmetals have negative electron affinities to each other, and want to form and ions

44
Q

Polar covalent bond

A

When electrons are not equally shared, and when the electron will go towards the more electronegative atOm

45
Q

Nonpolar covalent

A

Electrons are showed equally between atoms

46
Q

What are the three elements that are exceptions to the Octet rule? How many electrons are these elements capable of

A

Hydrogen 2
Boron 6
Aluminum 6

47
Q

VESPR

A

Valence shall electron pair repulsion

Electron groups can repel on another

48
Q

AXE

A

A central
X Peripheral
E loan pair

49
Q

Electron geometry

A

Bigger picture the total number of electron groups

50
Q

Molecular geometry

A

Loan pair electron effect the true shape

51
Q

Differentiate empirical from molecular formula

A

Empirical is the smallest whole number ratio of atoms in the compound

Molecular is the exact number of atoms in the compound

52
Q

Molecular compound

A

Two or more nonmetal

53
Q

Ionic compound

A

Has metal and nonmetal
Can be monatomic or polyatomic

54
Q

Which special elements have exact charge(s)

A

Pb 2 or 4
Sn 2 or 4
Ag 1
Al 3

55
Q

Algorithm for monatomic ionic compound

A

Metal + nonmetal IDE

56
Q

Algorithm for binary polyatomic compound

A

Metal plus polyatomic compound as is

57
Q

Binary molecular compounds algorithm and characteristics

A

Prefix +1st element + prefix +2nd element + IDE

No charges at all!

2 non metals atoms

The charges of each Atom cancel one another out

Substrate mono di tri tetra penta hexa septa octa Nona deca

58
Q

ionic polyatomic compound with numerous charges

A

Transitional metals are the cat ions that can have different charges, followed by a polyatomic compound.

Same as regular binary polyatomic compound except with charges from transitional metals

59
Q

Do acids have metals?
What are the two types of acids we name?

A

No metals and acids

Binary acid
Ox acid

60
Q

Algorithm for binary acids and it’s characteristics

A

Chemical formula starts with H

Hydro + nonmetal IC + acid

61
Q

Algorithm for oxoacids and its characteristics

A

The compound contains hydrogen, nonmetal , and oxygen

If polyatomic nonmetal ion ends with -ate, IC acid
If polyatomic nonmetal ion ends with -it’s, OUS acid

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