Chatpers 21 And 7

Question 1

Which of the following is the sequence of layers from the lumen to the outer wall of the digestive tract

Answer 1

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

Question 2

Rugae, plicaa, and villi are all features that accomplish

Answer 2

An increase in surface area

Question 3

The _____ is a “housekeeping function” that sweeps food remnants and bacteria out of the upper GI tract and into the large intestine

Answer 3

Migrating motor complex

Question 4

Short reflexes of the digestive system are integrated in the ___ nervous system

Answer 4

Enteric

Question 5

Organ that adds exocrine secretions to the duodenum via a duct

Answer 5

Pancreas

Question 6

Which enzyme is responsible for producing bicarbonate in pancreatic acini and in duodenal cells? (Hint: it is the same enzyme that is active in erythrocytes)

Answer 6

Carbonic anhydrase

Question 7

What type of contraction pattern allows the small intestines to churn and mix a chyme?

Answer 7

Segmental

Question 8

The motor activity of the muscularis externa is controlled by the

Answer 8

Myenteric plexus

Question 9

Secretion refers to the

Answer 9

Release of substances into the lumen of the gut

Question 10

Protein digestion begins here

Answer 10

Stomach

Question 11

Nutrient absorption occurs primarily in the

Answer 11

Small intestine

Question 12

Transcytosis is the mechanism whereby ____ is/are absorbed

Answer 12

Peptides

Question 13

Merely anticipating that one is about to eat can trigger the ____ phase of digestion

Answer 13

Cephalic

Question 14

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by

Answer 14

The entry of food into the stomach

Question 15

Bile salts aid in the digestion of fats by _____ large fat droplets

Answer 15

Emulsifying

Question 16

What distinguishes a hormone from other signaling molecules such as cytokines or paracrine or autocrine signaling molecules

Answer 16

Hormones are secreted into the bloodstream

Question 17

What is the most common type of hormone

Answer 17

Peptides

Question 18

In the simplest endocrine reflexes, which structure contains the sensor cells that trigger hormone release

Answer 18

The endocrine gland

Question 19

Different hormones may interact with each other at a target cell. Which is NOT considered to be a type of hormone interaction

Answer 19

Transportation in the blood at the same time

Question 20

Patients that suffer from hyperinsulinemia may have a decreased number of insulin receptors on their cell membrane. This is an example of which phenomenon

Answer 20

Down-regulation