Chapter.4 Fairness and Equity

Question 1

What is the appropriate Inclusion of specific groups?

Answer 1

Women
Children
Elderly

Question 2

Appropriate Inclusion scope and objectives ?

Answer 2

. Researchers shall not exclude individuals from the opportunity to participate in research on the basis of attributes such as culture, language, religion, race, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, linguistic proficiency, gender or age, unless there is a valid reason for the exclusion.

Question 3

No exclusion on the basis of their attributes like..?

Answer 3

gender, race, ethnicity, age and disability

Question 4

Groups have been unfairly included in research because they are convenient populations like?

Answer 4

prisoners, students, people with limited financial resources or those in other circumstances of vulnerability

Question 5

Women shall not be inappropriately excluded from research solely on the basis of ?

Answer 5

basis of gender or sex

their reproductive capacity, or because they are pregnant or breastfeeding

Question 6

Children shall not be inappropriately excluded from research solely on the basis of ?

Answer 6

basis of their age or developmental stage

Question 7

Research designed to improve our understanding of a wide range of aspects of ageing and the lives of elderly people is important for ?

Answer 7

ensuring that they stay fully integrated into society and maintain a continuing high quality of life

Question 8

Elderly people shall not be inappropriately excluded from research solely on the basis

Answer 8

their age

Question 9

a researcher seeks to involve individuals in research who do not have decision-making capacity, the researcher shall

Answer 9

satisfy the REB that:
the research question can be addressed only with participants within the identified group.
the research does not expose the participants to more than minimal risk without the prospect of direct benefits for them;
the research entails only minimal risk, it should at least have the prospect of providing benefits to participants or to a group

Question 10

When should not inappropriately included or automatically excluded a participant in research on the basis of their circumstances?

Answer 10

When Individuals or groups whose circumstances may make them vulnerable in the context of research.

Question 11

Researchers Responsibility

Answer 11

Researchers should be sensitive to the expectations and opinions of participants regarding potential benefits of the research.
Prior to the commencement of the research, researchers should formally or informally discuss these expectations with individuals and/or groups, and outline the scope and nature of potential benefits that may accrue to participants during and after the research

Question 12

REB Responsibility

Answer 12

REBs should be vigilant to ensure that the proposed distribution of benefits is fair, without imposing undue burdens on the researcher that would make it too difficult or costly to complete research.

Question 13

Researchers shall disseminate, through publication or otherwise, the analysis of data and interpretation of research results, including ?

Answer 13

including those that do not support the research hypotheses. The dissemination shall take place in a timely manner without undue restriction

Question 14

what is ethically unacceptable in the dissemination of research results?

Answer 14

Any prohibition or undue limitation on the publication or dissemination of findings from research is ethically unacceptable.

Question 15

What is as important as disseminating results to the research community?

Answer 15

Informing participants of the research results

Question 16

Researchers, including student researchers, have an ethical responsibility for what?

Answer 16

to make reasonable efforts to publicly disseminate research findings in appropriate venues, in a timely manner and without undue restriction.

Question 17

What risks may result from failing to disseminate all research findings, including those that do not support the research hypotheses (if any), or lead to useful or favourable results

Answer 17

making misinformed decisions based on incomplete or skewed data;
developing inappropriate and potentially harmful policy, or practices;
negatively affecting participant welfare;
needlessly duplicating research with associated risks to participants and waste of resources;
introducing fraud or deception in the research process; and/or
eroding participant and/or public trust and accountability in research

Question 18

ISSUES IN DOING RESEARCH WITH SPECIFIC GROUPS

Answer 18

Pre Research 
	Risks and Benefits
	Informed Consent
	Voluntary
During Research
	Language
	Active listening
	Coping strategies/Trust
	Remuneration
Post Research
	Privacy
	Disseminating Findings