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Medical Terminology > Chapter Two: Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole > Flashcards

Chapter Two: Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Anabolism

A

Process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids.

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2
Q

Ana

A

Up

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3
Q

Bol

A

To cast

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4
Q

Ism

A

A process

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5
Q

Catabolism

A

Process whereby complex nutrients are broken down into simpler substances and energy is released.

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6
Q

Cata

A

Down

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7
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.

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8
Q

Chromosomes

A

Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes.

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9
Q

Cytoplasm

A

All the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.

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10
Q

DNA

A

Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in a code, it directs the activities of a cell.

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11
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller pieces.

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12
Q

Genes

A

Regions of DNA within each chromosome.

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13
Q

Karyotype

A

Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.

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14
Q

Metabolism

A

Total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism.

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15
Q

Meta

A

Change

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16
Q

Mitochondria

A

Structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy for the cell.

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17
Q

Nucleus

A

Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.

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18
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

Collection of fat cells

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19
Q

Cartilage

A

Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints.

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20
Q

Epithelial Cells

A

Skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs.

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21
Q

Histologist

A

Specialist in the study of tissues

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22
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box: located in the upper part of the trachea

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23
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat. The pharynx serves as a common passageway for food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from the nose to the trachea).

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24
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain

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25
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

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26
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe (tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes)

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27
Q

Ureter

A

One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.

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28
Q

Urethra

A

Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

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29
Q

Uterus

A

Womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

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30
Q

Viscera

A

Internal organs

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31
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

Space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called the abdomen or peritoneal cavity.

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32
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Space in the head containing the brai and surrounded by the skull.

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33
Q

Diaphragm

A

Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic covities. The diaphragm moves up and down and aids in breathing.

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34
Q

Dorsal (Posterior)

A

Pertaining to the back

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35
Q

Mediastinum

A

Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

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36
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs

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37
Q

Peritoneum

A

Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung, Pleural means pertaining to the pleura.

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38
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

Space between the pleural layers

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39
Q

Spinal Cavity

A

Space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord. Also known as the spinal canal.

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40
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs

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41
Q

Ventral (Anterior)

A

Pertaining to the front

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42
Q

Hypochondriac

A

Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs

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43
Q

Epigastric

A

Middle upper region above the stomach

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44
Q

Lumbar

A

Right and left middle regions near the waist

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45
Q

Umbilical

A

Center region near the navel

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46
Q

Inguinal

A

Right and left lower regions near the groin. Also called the iliac regions

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47
Q

Hypogastric

A

Middle lower region below the umbilical region

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48
Q

RUQ

A

Right Upper Quadrant

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49
Q

LUQ

A

Left Upper Quadrant

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50
Q

RLQ

A

Right Lower Quadrant

51
Q

LLQ

A

Left Lower Quadrant

52
Q

Cervical

A

Neck region (C1 to C7)

53
Q

Thoracic

A

Chest region (T1 to T12)

54
Q

Lumbar

A

Loin (waist) region (L1 to L5)

55
Q

Sacral

A

Region of the sacram (S1 to S5)

56
Q

Coccygeal

A

Region of the coccyx (tailbone)

57
Q

Vertebra

A

Single backbone

58
Q

Vertebrae

A

Backbones

59
Q

Spinal Column

A

Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

60
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

61
Q

Disk (Disc)

A

Part of cartilage between vertebrae

62
Q

Anterior (Ventral)

A

Front surface of the body

63
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface

64
Q

Distal

A

Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of the structure

65
Q

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

A

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

66
Q

Interior (Caudal)

A

Below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body

67
Q

Lateral

A

Pertaining to the side

68
Q

Medial

A

Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body

69
Q

Posterior (Dorsal)

A

Back surface of the body

70
Q

Prone

A

Lying on the body (face down, palms down)

71
Q

Proximal

A

Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of the structure

72
Q

Sagittal (Lateral) Plane

A

Lengthwise, vertical plane diving the body or structure into right and left sides.

73
Q

Superficial

A

On the surface

74
Q

Superior (Cephalic)

A

Above another surface; pertaining to the head

75
Q

Supine

A

Laying on the back (face up, palms up)

76
Q

Transverse (Axial) Plane

A

Horizontal (cross section) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

77
Q

Absomin/o

A

Abdomen

78
Q

Adip/o

A

Fat

79
Q

Anter/o

A

Front

80
Q

Cervic/o

A

Neck (of the body body or uterus)

81
Q

Chondr/o

A

Cartilage (type of conective tissue)

82
Q

Chrom/o

A

Color

83
Q

Coccyg/o

A

Coccyx (tailbone)

84
Q

Crani/o

A

Skull

85
Q

Cyt/o

A

Cell

86
Q

Dist/o

A

Far, distant

87
Q

Dors/o

A

Back portion of the body

88
Q

Hist/o

A

Tissue

89
Q

Ili/o

A

Ilium (upper part of the pelvic bone)

90
Q

Inguin/o

A

Groin

91
Q

Kary/o

A

Nucleus

92
Q

Later/o

A

Side

93
Q

Lumb/o

A

Lower back (side and back between the ribs and pelvis)

94
Q

Medi/o

A

Middle

95
Q

Nucle/o

A

Nucleus

96
Q

Pelv/i

A

Pelvis

97
Q

Poster/o

A

Back, behind

98
Q

Proxim/o

A

Nearest

99
Q

Sacr/o

A

Sacrum

100
Q

Sarc/o

A

Flesh

101
Q

Spin/o

A

Spine, backbone

102
Q

Thel/o, Theli/o

A

Nipple

103
Q

Thorac/o

A

Chest

104
Q

Trache/o

A

Trachea, windpipe

105
Q

Umbilic/o

A

Navel, umbilicus

106
Q

Ventr/o

A

Belly side of the body

107
Q

Vertebr/o

A

Vertebra(e), backbone(s)

108
Q

Viscer/o

A

Internal organs

109
Q

Ana-

A

Up

110
Q

Cata-

A

Down

111
Q

Epi-

A

Above

112
Q

Hypo-

A

Below

113
Q

Inter-

A

Between

114
Q

Intra-

A

Within

115
Q

Meta-

A

Change

116
Q

-eal

A

Pertaining to

117
Q

-iac

A

Pertaining to

118
Q

-ior

A

Pertaining to

119
Q

-ism

A

Process, condition

120
Q

-ose

A

Pertaining to, full of

121
Q

-plasm

A

Formation

122
Q

-somes

A

Bodies

123
Q

-type

A

Picture, classification

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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