Chapter Two: Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole

Question 1

Anabolism

Answer 1

Process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids.

Question 2

Ana

Answer 2

Up

Question 3

Bol

Answer 3

To cast

Question 4

Ism

Answer 4

A process

Question 5

Catabolism

Answer 5

Process whereby complex nutrients are broken down into simpler substances and energy is released.

Question 6

Cata

Answer 6

Down

Question 7

Cell Membrane

Answer 7

Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 8

Chromosomes

Answer 8

Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes.

Question 9

Cytoplasm

Answer 9

All the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.

Question 10

DNA

Answer 10

Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in a code, it directs the activities of a cell.

Question 11

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 11

Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller pieces.

Question 12

Genes

Answer 12

Regions of DNA within each chromosome.

Question 13

Karyotype

Answer 13

Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.

Question 14

Metabolism

Answer 14

Total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism.

Question 15

Meta

Answer 15

Change

Question 16

Mitochondria

Answer 16

Structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy for the cell.

Question 17

Nucleus

Answer 17

Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.

Question 18

Adipose Tissue

Answer 18

Collection of fat cells

Question 19

Cartilage

Answer 19

Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints.

Question 20

Epithelial Cells

Answer 20

Skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs.

Question 21

Histologist

Answer 21

Specialist in the study of tissues

Question 22

Larynx

Answer 22

Voice box: located in the upper part of the trachea

Question 23

Pharynx

Answer 23

Throat. The pharynx serves as a common passageway for food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from the nose to the trachea).

Question 24

Pituitary Gland

Answer 24

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Question 25

Thyroid Gland

Answer 25

Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

Question 26

Trachea

Answer 26

Windpipe (tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes)

Question 27

Ureter

Answer 27

One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.

Question 28

Urethra

Answer 28

Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Question 29

Uterus

Answer 29

Womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

Question 30

Viscera

Answer 30

Internal organs

Question 31

Abdominal Cavity

Answer 31

Space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called the abdomen or peritoneal cavity.

Question 32

Cranial Cavity

Answer 32

Space in the head containing the brai and surrounded by the skull.

Question 33

Diaphragm

Answer 33

Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic covities. The diaphragm moves up and down and aids in breathing.

Question 34

Dorsal (Posterior)

Answer 34

Pertaining to the back

Question 35

Mediastinum

Answer 35

Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

Question 36

Pelvic Cavity

Answer 36

Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs

Question 37

Peritoneum

Answer 37

Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung, Pleural means pertaining to the pleura.

Question 38

Pleural Cavity

Answer 38

Space between the pleural layers

Question 39

Spinal Cavity

Answer 39

Space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord. Also known as the spinal canal.

Question 40

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 40

Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs

Question 41

Ventral (Anterior)

Answer 41

Pertaining to the front

Question 42

Hypochondriac

Answer 42

Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs

Question 43

Epigastric

Answer 43

Middle upper region above the stomach

Question 44

Lumbar

Answer 44

Right and left middle regions near the waist

Question 45

Umbilical

Answer 45

Center region near the navel

Question 46

Inguinal

Answer 46

Right and left lower regions near the groin. Also called the iliac regions

Question 47

Hypogastric

Answer 47

Middle lower region below the umbilical region

Question 48

RUQ

Answer 48

Right Upper Quadrant

Question 49

LUQ

Answer 49

Left Upper Quadrant

Question 50

RLQ

Answer 50

Right Lower Quadrant

Question 51

LLQ

Answer 51

Left Lower Quadrant

Question 52

Cervical

Answer 52

Neck region (C1 to C7)

Question 53

Thoracic

Answer 53

Chest region (T1 to T12)

Question 54

Lumbar

Answer 54

Loin (waist) region (L1 to L5)

Question 55

Sacral

Answer 55

Region of the sacram (S1 to S5)

Question 56

Coccygeal

Answer 56

Region of the coccyx (tailbone)

Question 57

Vertebra

Answer 57

Single backbone

Question 58

Vertebrae

Answer 58

Backbones

Question 59

Spinal Column

Answer 59

Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

Question 60

Spinal Cord

Answer 60

Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

Question 61

Disk (Disc)

Answer 61

Part of cartilage between vertebrae

Question 62

Anterior (Ventral)

Answer 62

Front surface of the body

Question 63

Deep

Answer 63

Away from the surface

Question 64

Distal

Answer 64

Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of the structure

Question 65

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

Answer 65

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

Question 66

Interior (Caudal)

Answer 66

Below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body

Question 67

Lateral

Answer 67

Pertaining to the side

Question 68

Medial

Answer 68

Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body

Question 69

Posterior (Dorsal)

Answer 69

Back surface of the body

Question 70

Prone

Answer 70

Lying on the body (face down, palms down)

Question 71

Proximal

Answer 71

Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of the structure

Question 72

Sagittal (Lateral) Plane

Answer 72

Lengthwise, vertical plane diving the body or structure into right and left sides.

Question 73

Superficial

Answer 73

On the surface

Question 74

Superior (Cephalic)

Answer 74

Above another surface; pertaining to the head

Question 75

Supine

Answer 75

Laying on the back (face up, palms up)

Question 76

Transverse (Axial) Plane

Answer 76

Horizontal (cross section) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

Question 77

Absomin/o

Answer 77

Abdomen

Question 78

Adip/o

Answer 78

Fat

Question 79

Anter/o

Answer 79

Front

Question 80

Cervic/o

Answer 80

Neck (of the body body or uterus)

Question 81

Chondr/o

Answer 81

Cartilage (type of conective tissue)

Question 82

Chrom/o

Answer 82

Color

Question 83

Coccyg/o

Answer 83

Coccyx (tailbone)

Question 84

Crani/o

Answer 84

Skull

Question 85

Cyt/o

Answer 85

Cell

Question 86

Dist/o

Answer 86

Far, distant

Question 87

Dors/o

Answer 87

Back portion of the body

Question 88

Hist/o

Answer 88

Tissue

Question 89

Ili/o

Answer 89

Ilium (upper part of the pelvic bone)

Question 90

Inguin/o

Answer 90

Groin

Question 91

Kary/o

Answer 91

Nucleus

Question 92

Later/o

Answer 92

Side

Question 93

Lumb/o

Answer 93

Lower back (side and back between the ribs and pelvis)

Question 94

Medi/o

Answer 94

Middle

Question 95

Nucle/o

Answer 95

Nucleus

Question 96

Pelv/i

Answer 96

Pelvis

Question 97

Poster/o

Answer 97

Back, behind

Question 98

Proxim/o

Answer 98

Nearest

Question 99

Sacr/o

Answer 99

Sacrum

Question 100

Sarc/o

Answer 100

Flesh

Question 101

Spin/o

Answer 101

Spine, backbone

Question 102

Thel/o, Theli/o

Answer 102

Nipple

Question 103

Thorac/o

Answer 103

Chest

Question 104

Trache/o

Answer 104

Trachea, windpipe

Question 105

Umbilic/o

Answer 105

Navel, umbilicus

Question 106

Ventr/o

Answer 106

Belly side of the body

Question 107

Vertebr/o

Answer 107

Vertebra(e), backbone(s)

Question 108

Viscer/o

Answer 108

Internal organs

Question 109

Ana-

Answer 109

Up

Question 110

Cata-

Answer 110

Down

Question 111

Epi-

Answer 111

Above

Question 112

Hypo-

Answer 112

Below

Question 113

Inter-

Answer 113

Between

Question 114

Intra-

Answer 114

Within

Question 115

Meta-

Answer 115

Change

Question 116

-eal

Answer 116

Pertaining to

Question 117

-iac

Answer 117

Pertaining to

Question 118

-ior

Answer 118

Pertaining to

Question 119

-ism

Answer 119

Process, condition

Question 120

-ose

Answer 120

Pertaining to, full of

Question 121

-plasm

Answer 121

Formation

Question 122

-somes

Answer 122

Bodies

Question 123

-type

Answer 123

Picture, classification