Chapter 9 Flashcards
Which of the following lists best describes the path that oxygen must travel to get from the air to body cells?
a. Nasopharynx, oropharynx, trachea, alveoli
b. Oropharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles
c. Nose, pharynx, esophagus, bronchi, alveoli
d. Pharynx, larynx, trachea, alveoli, bronchioles
a. Nasopharynx, oropharynx, trachea, alveoli
b. Oropharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles
c. Nose, pharynx, esophagus, bronchi, alveoli
d. Pharynx, larynx, trachea, alveoli, bronchioles
Answer: b
Objective: 9-1
Reference: 292–293
You are assessing a patient who overdosed on a medication and is unresponsive. Given this situation, what is the great concern regarding potential airway occlusion?
a. Spasm of the epiglottis
b. Swelling of the larynx
c. Collapse of the bronchi
d. Relaxation of the tongue
a. Spasm of the epiglottis
b. Swelling of the larynx
c. Collapse of the bronchi
d. Relaxation of the tongue
Answer: d
Objective: Supplemental
Reference: 292
Which of the following patients has an actual or potential occlusion of the upper airway?
a. A 3-year-old male with a fever and swelling of the larynx
b. A 45-year-old female with spasm of the bronchioles
c. A 61-year-old male with a piece of food stuck in his trachea
d. A 78-year-old female with a large mucus plug in a bronchus
a. A 3-year-old male with a fever and swelling of the larynx
b. A 45-year-old female with spasm of the bronchioles
c. A 61-year-old male with a piece of food stuck in his trachea
d. A 78-year-old female with a large mucus plug in a bronchus
Answer: a
Objective: 9-1
Reference: 293–294
Which of the following statements indicates that the speaker has an accurate understanding of breathing?
a. “When a person inhales, carbon dioxide is drawn into the lungs, and when he exhales, oxygen leaves the body.”
b. “Respiration is best described as the process of moving air into and out of the body.”
c. “Inhalation is an active process, whereas for most patients exhalation is a passive process.”
d. “In between breaths, the epiglottis closes over and protects the trachea.”
a. “When a person inhales, carbon dioxide is drawn into the lungs, and when he exhales, oxygen leaves the body.”
b. “Respiration is best described as the process of moving air into and out of the body.”
c. “Inhalation is an active process, whereas for most patients exhalation is a passive process.”
d. “In between breaths, the epiglottis closes over and protects the trachea.”
Answer: c
Objective: Supplemental
Reference: 294
Which of the following patients would benefit from the head tilt-chin lift maneuver?
a. A 39-year-old male who just had a seizure and has snoring respirations
b. A 45-year-old female who is alert and vomiting blood
c. A 67-year-old female who fell down a flight of stairs and is unresponsive
d. A 85-year-old female who hit her head on a tree limb and is now responsive to painful stimuli
a. A 39-year-old male who just had a seizure and has snoring respirations
b. A 45-year-old female who is alert and vomiting blood
c. A 67-year-old female who fell down a flight of stairs and is unresponsive
d. A 85-year-old female who hit her head on a tree limb and is now responsive to painful stimuli
Answer: a
Objective: 9-2
Reference: 295
Why is the jaw-thrust maneuver indicated for a patient with a possible spinal injury?
a. It is a permanent intervention that does not require insertion of an airway if performed correctly.
b. It minimizes movement of the head and cervical spine.
c. It is less painful for the patient.
d. It is the rescuer’s preference as to whether to use the jaw-thrust maneuver.
a. It is a permanent intervention that does not require insertion of an airway if performed correctly.
b. It minimizes movement of the head and cervical spine.
c. It is less painful for the patient.
d. It is the rescuer’s preference as to whether to use the jaw-thrust maneuver.
Answer: b
Objective: 9-2
Reference: 295–297
Which of the following statements about airway management in trauma patients is correct?
a. The jaw-thrust maneuver is useful in trauma patients but only if they are complaining of head or neck pain.
b. Research has shown that the jaw-thrust maneuver is easiest to perform and is therefore indicated for critically injured trauma patients.
c. Performing the head tilt-chin lift maneuver on a patient with a possible spinal injury could further injure the patient.
d. Trauma patients should always have their airway opened with the jaw-thrust maneuver, whereas medical patients should receive the head tilt-chin lift maneuver.
a. The jaw-thrust maneuver is useful in trauma patients but only if they are complaining of head or neck pain.
b. Research has shown that the jaw-thrust maneuver is easiest to perform and is therefore indicated for critically injured trauma patients.
c. Performing the head tilt-chin lift maneuver on a patient with a possible spinal injury could further injure the patient.
d. Trauma patients should always have their airway opened with the jaw-thrust maneuver, whereas medical patients should receive the head tilt-chin lift maneuver.
Answer: c
Objective: 9-2
Reference: 295
The jaw-thrust maneuver is indicated in a(n):
a. overdose patient with snoring respirations.
b. stroke patient with gurgling respirations.
c. cardiac arrest patient on the ski slope.
d. unresponsive patient who fell from a porch.
a. overdose patient with snoring respirations.
b. stroke patient with gurgling respirations.
c. cardiac arrest patient on the ski slope.
d. unresponsive patient who fell from a porch.
Answer: d
Objective: 9-2
Reference: 295–297
You are correctly performing the jaw-thrust maneuver when you:
a. use the thumbs as a lever to lift the patient’s mandible upward.
b. maintain the patient’s head in a neutral position and tilt the head slightly backward.
c. open the patient’s airway by slightly pushing down on the forehead and thrusting the jaw upward.
d. place one had on the patient’s forehead and lift the jaw upward with the other hand.
a. use the thumbs as a lever to lift the patient’s mandible upward.
b. maintain the patient’s head in a neutral position and tilt the head slightly backward.
c. open the patient’s airway by slightly pushing down on the forehead and thrusting the jaw upward.
d. place one had on the patient’s forehead and lift the jaw upward with the other hand.
Answer: a
Objective: 9-2
Reference: 295–297
You are caring for an unconscious patient who has vomited and appears to have a blocked airway. Using the crossed finger technique you open the patient’s mouth and can see a large piece of undigested food near the back of the throat. You would:
a. insert an airway.
b. administer abdominal thrusts.
c. perform a finger sweep.
d. encourage the patient to cough.
a. insert an airway.
b. administer abdominal thrusts.
c. perform a finger sweep.
d. encourage the patient to cough.
Answer: c
Objective: 9-3
Reference: 297–298
You are assessing a young male patient who is responsive to painful stimuli and not breathing after a fall while rock climbing. His pulse is weak and thready, and his skin is cool and diaphoretic. When addressing his airway and breathing, you must immediately:
a. administer oxygen at 15 LPM with a nonrebreather mask.
b. perform the jaw-thrust maneuver and reassess his breathing.
c. immobilize him on a long spine board and then start artificial ventilations.
d. open his airway using the head tilt-chin lift maneuver and begin ventilations with the bag-valve mask.
a. administer oxygen at 15 LPM with a nonrebreather mask.
b. perform the jaw-thrust maneuver and reassess his breathing.
c. immobilize him on a long spine board and then start artificial ventilations.
d. open his airway using the head tilt-chin lift maneuver and begin ventilations with the bag-valve mask.
Answer: b
Objective: 9-2
Reference: 295–297
Which of the following ventilation methods is recommended because it provides the most effective ventilations?
a. Use of a bag-valve mask (BVM) with reservoir attached, receiving air, by two OEC Technicians
b. Use of a BVM with reservoir attached, receiving O2 at 15 LPM, by one OEC Technician
c. Use of a BVM with reservoir attached, receiving O2 at 15 LPM, by two rescuers
d. Use of a BVM with O2 reservoir attached, by one rescuer
a. Use of a bag-valve mask (BVM) with reservoir attached, receiving air, by two OEC Technicians
b. Use of a BVM with reservoir attached, receiving O2 at 15 LPM, by one OEC Technician
c. Use of a BVM with reservoir attached, receiving O2 at 15 LPM, by two rescuers
d. Use of a BVM with O2 reservoir attached, by one rescuer
Answer: c
Objective: 9-11
Reference: 313–315
You have arrived in the lodge with your airway and trauma pack to care for a patient who reportedly had a seizure. Assessment reveals him to be apneic with vomitus in the airway. He has a radial pulse, and his skin is cool and diaphoretic. Which one of the following should you do immediately?
a. Start artificial ventilations.
b. If available in your trauma pack, use a suction device to clear the airway; otherwise, turn him on his side and clean out the vomitus.
c. Check the patient’s breath sounds.
d. Apply a nonrebreather mask.
a. Start artificial ventilations.
b. If available in your trauma pack, use a suction device to clear the airway; otherwise, turn him on his side and clean out the vomitus.
c. Check the patient’s breath sounds.
d. Apply a nonrebreather mask.
Answer: b
Objective: 9-3
Reference: 297–300
Which of the following statements describes the correct positioning of a BVM on a patient’s face?
a. The narrow part of the mask is over the bridge of the nose, and the bottom part is in the cleft of the chin.
b. If two rescuers are using the BVM, the mask need only be placed over the mouth while the nose is pinched closed.
c. The wide portion of the mask is at the top of the nose, and the narrow part is below the lower lip.
d. The mask is properly positioned when the top portion lies over the bridge of the nose, and the lower portion is below the chin.
a. The narrow part of the mask is over the bridge of the nose, and the bottom part is in the cleft of the chin.
b. If two rescuers are using the BVM, the mask need only be placed over the mouth while the nose is pinched closed.
c. The wide portion of the mask is at the top of the nose, and the narrow part is below the lower lip.
d. The mask is properly positioned when the top portion lies over the bridge of the nose, and the lower portion is below the chin.
Answer: a
Objective: 9-11
Reference: 314
Which of the following statements is the best tip for artificially ventilating a patient using a bag-valve mask?
a. If the patient has dentures, remove them so that a better mask-to-face seal can be achieved.
b. It is important to maintain the head tilt-chin lift or jaw-thrust maneuver while ventilating the patient.
c. To direct air into the lungs and not into the stomach, flex the patient’s head forward while ventilating with the bag-valve mask.
d. Always remove the oropharyngeal airway so that it is not pushed deep into the patient’s airway during ventilations.
a. If the patient has dentures, remove them so that a better mask-to-face seal can be achieved.
b. It is important to maintain the head tilt-chin lift or jaw-thrust maneuver while ventilating the patient.
c. To direct air into the lungs and not into the stomach, flex the patient’s head forward while ventilating with the bag-valve mask.
d. Always remove the oropharyngeal airway so that it is not pushed deep into the patient’s airway during ventilations.
Answer: b
Objective: 9-11
Reference: 313–315
While a 61-year-old female in cardiac arrest receives emergency care you note that her abdomen grows larger with each ventilation provided from a bag-valve mask. What instructions should you provide?
a. “Try delivering each ventilation quickly, and let’s slow down the rate.”
b. “The ventilation rate and the force of ventilation need to be increased so that air reaches the lungs.”
c. “ Let’s slow the ventilation rate to 12 per minute and not squeeze in as much air with each breath.”
d. “I need another rescuer to apply firm pressure over the stomach while we ventilate this patient.”
a. “Try delivering each ventilation quickly, and let’s slow down the rate.”
b. “The ventilation rate and the force of ventilation need to be increased so that air reaches the lungs.”
c. “ Let’s slow the ventilation rate to 12 per minute and not squeeze in as much air with each breath.”
d. “I need another rescuer to apply firm pressure over the stomach while we ventilate this patient.”
Answer: c
Objective: 9-11
Reference: 313–315
You arrive to assist another rescuer with a patient in cardiac arrest. As you enter the room, a brand new OEC Technician informs you that he is having difficulty maintaining the mask seal to the patient’s face while ventilating with the BVM. Which one of the following responses shows that you understand and can help with the problem?
a. “I will check the breath sounds to see if air is reaching the lungs.”
b. “Why don’t we try using a larger adult mask and flexing the head forward?”
c. “I will administer some cricoid pressure; that should help.”
d. “Let me maintain the face-to-mask seal while you squeeze the bag.”
a. “I will check the breath sounds to see if air is reaching the lungs.”
b. “Why don’t we try using a larger adult mask and flexing the head forward?”
c. “I will administer some cricoid pressure; that should help.”
d. “Let me maintain the face-to-mask seal while you squeeze the bag.”
Answer: d
Objective: 9-17
Reference: 313–315
By placing an oropharyngeal airway in a patient, you have:
a. protected the airway from vomit or other secretions.
b. kept the tongue away from the airway.
c. obtained a patent airway by keeping the mouth from closing.
d. minimized the risk of vomiting by closing off the esophagus.
a. protected the airway from vomit or other secretions.
b. kept the tongue away from the airway.
c. obtained a patent airway by keeping the mouth from closing.
d. minimized the risk of vomiting by closing off the esophagus.
Answer: b
Objective: 9-7
Reference: 302–304
Which of the following statements indicates that the speaker understands how to use an oropharyngeal airway?
a. “Once it has been placed, the head tilt-chin lift is no longer needed.”
b. “If it is too small, it could push the epiglottis over the opening of the trachea.”
c. “It protects the patient from aspirating vomit or other secretions.”
d. “I must watch the patient for vomiting or spasm of the vocal cords even with the proper insertion.”
a. “Once it has been placed, the head tilt-chin lift is no longer needed.”
b. “If it is too small, it could push the epiglottis over the opening of the trachea.”
c. “It protects the patient from aspirating vomit or other secretions.”
d. “I must watch the patient for vomiting or spasm of the vocal cords even with the proper insertion.”
Answer: d
Objective: 9-7
Reference: 304
For which of the following patients is placement of an oropharyngeal airway indicated?
a. A responsive but confused patient with stridorous respirations
b. A patient who has vomited and responds to painful stimuli by moaning
c. An unresponsive patient who has neither a gag reflex nor a cough reflex
d. A patient with snoring respirations who coughs as the oral airway is placed into his mouth
a. A responsive but confused patient with stridorous respirations
b. A patient who has vomited and responds to painful stimuli by moaning
c. An unresponsive patient who has neither a gag reflex nor a cough reflex
d. A patient with snoring respirations who coughs as the oral airway is placed into his mouth
Answer: c
Objective: 9-7
Reference: 302