Chapter 9 & 10

Question 1

— study of energy and its transformations
* comes from Greek “Therme” = Heat & “Dynamics” = power

Answer 1

Thermodynamics

Question 2

— relationship between chemical reactions & energy changes.

Answer 2

Thermochemistry

Question 3

— amount of energy required to move an object a certain distance (d) when subjected to a force (F).
— expanding gases; system changing volume

Answer 3

Work (mechanical)

Question 4

Work Formula

Answer 4

F x d

Question 5

— any kind of push or pull on an object.

Answer 5

Force

Question 6

— capacity to do work.

Answer 6

Energy

Question 7

— energy transferred from 1 object to another because of a difference in temperature.

Answer 7

Heat

Question 8

— energy of motion

Answer 8

Kinetic Energy

Question 9

— stored energy

Answer 9

Potential Energy

Question 10

Energy is measured in SI system units known as ___?

Answer 10

Joule ( J )

Question 11

— measure of energy per unit time.

Answer 11

Power
(1 J/s )

Question 12

— well defined portion of universe

Answer 12

System

Question 13

— amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 Celsius degrees from 14.5 to 15.5 degrees Celsius.

Answer 13

calorie
small c
[1 cal = 4.184 J]

Question 14

— everything else but the system

Answer 14

Surroundings

Question 15

— sum of all the kinetic & potential energy of all the components of the system

Answer 15

Internal Energy

Question 16

— system gives off (evolves) heat
* ”Exo” = out of

Answer 16

Exothermic

Question 17

— system absorbs heat
* ”Endo” = into

Answer 17

Endothermic

Question 18

Internal energy is an example of a ___?

Answer 18

State Function

Question 19

— property that is determined by specifying its condition
— properties are independent of system history
Ex) Temperature & Pressure

Answer 19

State Function

Question 20

Chemists are interested in two types of work:

Answer 20

1) Electrical work
2) Mechanical work

Question 21

Atmospheric Pressure Formula

Answer 21

P = F/A

• Pressure = Force/ Area

Question 22

— comes from the Greek word “Ehthalpien” meaning warm
— represented by the letter H

Answer 22

Ethalpy

Question 23

Change in Enthalpy (Delta H) is also a ____?

Answer 23

State Function

Question 24

Change in Enthalpy (Delta H) has three important results:

Answer 24

1) extensive property
2) enthalpy change for a reaction is equal but opposite in sign for reverse reaction
3) enthalpy change depends on the states of reactants & products

Question 25

— if a reaction is carried out in a series of steps, change in enthalpy (delta H) for the reaction will be equal to the sum of change in enthalpy (delta H) for the individual steps.

Answer 25

Hess Law

Question 26

— change in enthalpy (delta H) for the formation of a compound from its elements.

Answer 26

Heat of Formation

Question 27

— has all reactants and products in their standard states

Answer 27

Standard Enthalpy Change (Delta H Degrees)

Question 28

— most stable form at a particular temperature and standard atmospheric pressure

Answer 28

Standard States

Question 29

— change in H that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance from its constituent element with all substances in standard state.

Answer 29

Standard Heat of formation