chapter 8

Question 1

what two innovations help people use limited space by skyscrapers (building upward)

Answer 1

Elevators and steel building skeletons

Question 2

List two reasons people could live farther from town and commute to work every day

Answer 2

Horse power to electric street cars, trolleys and trains

Question 3

The Brooklyn bridge is an example of a______ that help connect neighborhood

Answer 3

Steel cabled bridge

Question 4

______ started of movement to design urban parks. And 1857 Olmsted and Calvert Vaux drew up plans for “Greensward”, which became known as Central Park

Answer 4

Fredrick Law Olmsted

Question 5

_____ set out to remake the city. He designed and built the white city in the swampy area of Chicago near Lake Michigan. It had exhibition halls, statues, and a Ferris wheel

Answer 5

Daniel Burnham

Question 6

what two innovations help turn out books and magazines faster than ever

Answer 6

1.American mills made cheap, strong paper from wood pulp

2.Electric powered web, perfecting presses, print it on both sides of this paper, and then folded and cut and counted the copies. This Meant fewer people were needed, and it was done faster.

Question 7

___ and ____ _____ we’re bicycle makers from Dayton Ohio. On December 17, 1903 in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina successfully flew their airplane 120 feet in 12 seconds.

Answer 7

Orville and Wilbur Wright

Question 8

Why was photography a professional activity before 1880

Answer 8

The length of time it took to take a pic and the weight of the equipment.

Question 9

___ invented a flexible film that did not need immediate development. In 1888, Eastman introduced the Kodak camera. The camera included a 100 picture roll of film. Once the roll was complete, the buyer sent the film to Eastman for development. Pictures were developed for $10

Answer 9

George Eastman

Question 10

What were 3 reasons most ppl believed in public education was important

Answer 10

1.Economic development depended on science and technology

2. Away to assimilate immigrants

3.It would prepare children to be citizens and employees

Question 11

Early schools focused on what three subjects

Answer 11

Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic

Question 12

___ took off as a system of daycare for employed mothers

Answer 12

Kindergarten

Question 13

Eventually, high school courses expanded to include what

Answer 13

Science, civics, and social studies. Vocational courses for men and carpentry and mechanics and women for office work

Question 14

How were African Americans and Immigrants children’s public schools situations different

Answer 14

African African Americans were mostly excluded from public high schools, while immigrants were encouraged to go to school. Most immigrants sent their kids to free public school where they quickly became Americanized.

Question 15

What is a parochial school

Answer 15

Private schools set up to give their children a Catholic education

Question 16

why did adult immigrants attend night school

Answer 16

To learn English and quality for American citizenship

Question 17

How did college change between 1880 and 1920

Answer 17

College enrollment, quadrupled, research, universities, emerged, offering courses in language, physical science, sociology, and psychology. Professional law and medicine were established.

Question 18

____ ___ ___ was a prominent African-American educator. He believed racism would end, when blacks obtained useful labor, scales, and proved that were worth to society. He headed the Tuskegee Normal, and Industrial Institute, aimed to equip African Americans with skills in agricultural, domestic, and mechanical work.

Answer 18

Booker T Washington

Question 19

____ _____ was the first African American to get a doctorate at Harvard. He founded the Niagara Movement, arguing blacks should get liberal arts degrees so that the African Americans community would have well educated leaders

Answer 19

W.E.B Dubois

Question 20

3 voting restrictions African Americans faced in the south

Answer 20

1. Literacy test
2. Poll tax
3. Jim crow laws

Question 21

_____ _____ Annual tax required to be paid before you could vote( Blacks and share croppers were often too poor to afford it)

Answer 21

Poll Tax

Question 22

___ ___ you were eligible to vote if you, your father, or grandfather could vote as of January 1, 1867.

Answer 22

Grandfather clause

Question 23

southern states passed segregation laws known as ____, separating white and black people people in public places. Segregation through Jim Crow Laws was put into effects in schools, hospitals,parks, transportation systems all throughout the south

Answer 23

Jim Crow Laws

Question 24

______was the legal case testing the constitutionally of segregation. Supreme Court ruled that the separation of races in public accommodations was legal and did not violate the 14th amendment. Established “Separate but Equal” stated could maintain separate facilities for black and white students as long as they provided equal services

Answer 24

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Question 25

informal rules that dictated how African Americans and whites could interact. These rules usually just belittled african americans (never shook hands with whites, had to yield sidewalk to white pedestrians, remove hats for whites)

Answer 25

Racial etiquette

Question 26

what did people do to escape congestion at the turn of the 20th century

Answer 26

Amusement parks, bicycling, at the theater, and watching spectator sports

Question 27

what were the two most popular spectator sports

Answer 27

Baseball and Boxing

Question 28

How did Americans gain culture as more and more ppl learned to read

Answer 28

Ppl visited art galleries, libraries, and museums, they also read more books

Question 29

What were 3 innovations that changed how ppl shopped

Answer 29

Shopping centers began to grow, chain stores sprang up, and modern advertising took off along with mail order shopping