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COM MOD 2 > Chapter 7 Tumors > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

adenoma

A

benign from glands

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2
Q

papilloma

A

benign from epithelium

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3
Q

cystadenoma

A

cystic mass

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4
Q

sarcoma

A

malignant from mesenchymal tissue

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5
Q

leukemia

A

*always malignant from blood forming cells

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6
Q

lymphoma

A

*always malignant from lymphocytes

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7
Q

carcinoma

A

malignant from any of the 3 germs layers

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8
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

malignant that looks like stratified squamous epithelium

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9
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

malignant that grows in glandular fashion

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10
Q

pleomorphic adenoma

A

mixed tumor can produce epithelial or myoepithelial cells

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11
Q

teratoma

A

mixed tumor contain immature or mature cells from more than 1 germ layer

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12
Q

hamartoma

A

benign tumor resembling tissue of origin

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13
Q

choristoma

A

ectopic tissue growth but resembles tissue of origin

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14
Q

dermoid cyst

A

ovarian cyst teratoma
can be benign or malignant
has hair, sebaceous glands and tooth structure in it

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15
Q

example of choristoma

A

mature cells form pancreatic nodule found in submucosa of stomach, duodenum, or small intestine

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16
Q

lipoma

A

benign tumor of adipocytes

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17
Q

pleomorphism

A

variation in shape and size

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18
Q

hyperchromatic

A

Nuclei are large for the cell

Chromatin is clumped together

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19
Q

dysplasia

A

changes that cause loss of architectural orientation

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20
Q

difference between metaplasia and dysplasia

A

metaplasia is replacement by another cell type

dysplasia is a irregularity that hinders maturation in a tissue

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21
Q

carcinoma in situ

A

preinvasive neoplasm

involved full epithelium but doesn’t invade basement membrane

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22
Q

when is a tumor considered invasive?

A

when the tumor cell breaches the basement membrane

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23
Q

glioma

A

malignant tumor of CNS

24
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of the skin

25
Q

pseudomyxoma

A

malignant tumor starting in appendix that secrete mucus that extends into peritoneal cavity

26
Q

sentinel node

A

first lymphatic that receives lymph flow from primary tumor

27
Q

renal cell carcinoma metastasis

A

invade renal vein and can go back to IVC and hurt heart

28
Q

thyroid and prostate metastasis

A

invade paravertebral plexus and cause vertebral masses

29
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis

A

invade hepatic and portal veins

30
Q

what environmental factor is responsible for most cervical carcinomas

A

HPV from sexual contact

31
Q

most important environmental factor for premature death in US

A

smoking

32
Q

environmental factor for oropharynx, larynx, esophagus, and hepatocellular carcinomas

A

alcohol consumption

33
Q

environmental factor for colorectal, prostate and breast carcinomas

A

diet

34
Q

environmental factor for breast and endometrial cancer

A

long exposure of estrogen with no progesterone

35
Q

common childhood and infancy neoplasms (5)

A 
Small round blue cell tumors
Wilms tumor
Retinoblastoma 
Acute leukemias
Rhabdomyosarcomas
36
Q

example of small round blue cell tumors

A

Neuroblastoma

37
Q

what can leukoplakia evolve into?

A

squamous carcinoma

38
Q

leukoplakia

A

thickening of epithelium in oral cavity, penis or vulva

39
Q

who is the governor of proliferation

A

RB

*especially when interacting with E7 protein

40
Q

when is RB active

A

in hypophosphorylated state

41
Q

when is RB inactive

A

in hyperphosphorylated state

42
Q

function of RB

A

inhibitor/negative regulator of the G1/S cell cycle transition

43
Q

E7 protein function

A

neutralize the growth factor of RB
functionally inactivates RB
ex. E7 on the HPV virus binding RB

44
Q

What happens if E7 binds to RB

A

RB becomes hyperphosphorylated causing it to be active and send cells through the cell cycle

45
Q

Loss of p53

A

DNA damage goes unrepaired through the cell cycle

46
Q

what tumors are resistant to chemotherapy and irradiation? why?

A

lung and colorectal cancers because they have a mutated TP53

47
Q

what tumors respond to chemotherapy and irradiation? why?

A

testicular teratocarcinoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia because they have wild-type TP53 and are killed

48
Q

systemic signs and symptoms in advanced cancers (3)

A

inflammation
fatigue
cachexia

49
Q

function of miRNA

A

modulate mRNA translation but do not encode proteins

50
Q

decreased expression of miRNA and increased translation of oncogenic mRNA

A

tumor repressive activity

*tumor suppressive miRs

51
Q

increased expression of miRNA

A

onco-miRs

repressed expression of tumor suppressor genes

52
Q

translocations in chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

9 and 22

ABL and BCR

53
Q

translocations in acute myeloid leukemia

A

8, 21

15, 17

54
Q

translocations in Burkitt lymphoma

A

8, 14

55
Q

translocations in Mantle cell lymphoma

A

11, 14

56
Q

translocations in follicular lymphoma

A

14, 18

COM MOD 2 (9 decks)

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