Chapter 7 - Jewish and Early Christian Art Flashcards

1
Q

What was Judaism centered in?

A

In the Old Testament

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2
Q

Who was the ‘Jesus of Nazareth’?

A

Mosiah

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3
Q

Jesus is ______ in human form?

A

god

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4
Q

Who was the final, all powerful prophet?

A

Muhammed

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5
Q

What are the religions of the book?

A

Judaism, Christian, Karan

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6
Q

Hebrew Scriptures belonged to which religion?

A

Judaism

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7
Q

The Bible belonged to which religion?

A

Christianity

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8
Q

What stories were depicted in the new testament?

A

gospel stories of Jesus, who rose from the dead 3 days later

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9
Q

Who revealed, in Arabic, the Coran to Muhammed?

A

Arch Angel Gabriel

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10
Q

torah

A

first 5 books god promised to Abraham

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11
Q

book of exodus

A

moses led a group of slaves to promiseland

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12
Q

canaan

A

semitic-speaking region and civilization, greeks eventually renamed it to Palestine

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13
Q

ten commandments

A

moses received a gold box, set of biblical principles relating to ethics and worship

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14
Q

ark of the covenant

A

gold-covered wooden chest described in the book of exodus as containing the two stone tablets of the ten commandments

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15
Q

soloman

A

10th century, built a temple (lst temple), the ark of covenant was placed in the inner most chamber of temple, also called Jedidiah

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16
Q

nebchadnezzar II

A

conquered jerusalem, destroyed the first temple and took the ark of the covenant

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17
Q

second temple

A

after Jesus returned from being exiled, built the second temple

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18
Q

Titus

A

roman emperor, was the first emperor to succeed his biological father

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19
Q

Islamic Holy Site : Dome of the Rock

A

site of destroyed temple, religious associations with Jews and Christians

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20
Q

Ark of the Covenant and Menorahs

A

theme of death, display ark of covenant and menorahs, ancient tree of life reference

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21
Q

Dura Europas

A

roman frontier town, walled off, important site of preserved wall paintings and sites found in the jewish and pagan building. would put dirt on either side of walls, covering the buildings near walls

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22
Q

Interior of the synagogue at Dura-Europos has wall paintings with themes of?

A

themes of the Old Testament

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23
Q

What was used to house torahs and scrolls?

A

niches

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24
Q

What is the name of the largest span and panels of painting of scenes in Synagogue?

A

Dura Europias

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25
Q

synagogue

A

a house turned religious space

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26
Q

trinity

A

holy spirit, jesus and god

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27
Q

virigin mary

A

husband Joseph did not impregnate her, god did

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28
Q

crucifixion

A

method of capital punishment where the victim is tied or nailed to a large wooden beam (cross) and left to hang

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29
Q

resurrection

A

Christ rose from the dead 3 days after his death

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30
Q

council of nicaea 325

A

first council of nicaea, council of christian bishops convened in the bithynian city of nicaea by the roman emperor Constantine I

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31
Q

resurrection scene

A

3 virgin marys see an empty tomb with an angel = the visual notion of resurrection

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32
Q

ascension scene

A

christ’s feet, everyone else below him = visual notion of ascension

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33
Q

nicean creed are all _____ by the end of time

A

resurrected

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34
Q

early Christianity : the book

A

mosaic of matthew, luke, john and marcus, christ died at 33 years old, wrote life of christ 40-70 years after death of christ

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35
Q

book of evangelists

A

matthew, figure in top right

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36
Q

saint jerome

A

pope responsible for organizing the bible, got rid of nostic gospels (gospel of Judice)

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37
Q

what bible was the popular bible?

A

vulgate bible

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38
Q

who was an important person in christianity?

A

emperor Constantine, without him, there would be no christianity, vision of cross during battle and won afterwards

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39
Q

what did saint paul do?

A

write letters to specific people

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40
Q

evangelists

A

matthew, mark, john and luke

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41
Q

symbol of man

A

matthew

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42
Q

symbol of lion

A

mark

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43
Q

symbol of ox

A

luke

44
Q

symbol of eagle

A

john

45
Q

what was different about john’s gospel?

A

weird and different, theological

46
Q

latin cross

A

regular cross

47
Q

tau cross

A

‘T’ found in pilgrimage

48
Q

saint peters (cross)

A

upside down ‘t’ because of his crucifixion

49
Q

chi rho

A

symbol of christ

50
Q

spaces of death and afterlife

A

death and birth of Jewish church, the good shepherd; the story of Jonah and orants, painted on ceiling of cubiculum, in catacomb of saint peter and marcellinus

51
Q

The Good Shepherd

A

figure in roundel w/ animal on shoulder. The good shepherd = christ with lamb on shoulder

52
Q

cremation for romans and christians

A

romans were fine with cremation, while christians were not

53
Q

jonah and the whale

A

story from the old testament, jonah was eaten by a whale and spat out after three days and ressurected

54
Q

catacomb of comodilla

A

ceiling picture of christ, with alpha and omega symbols, squares with squares inside dome - as seen in pantheon

55
Q

alpha symbol

A

beginning

56
Q

omega symbol

A

end

57
Q

who his a stone with a stick and gets water for baptism

A

Saint Peter

58
Q

what is Saint Peter known for?

A

for the rock on which the first church was built

59
Q

who was the first pope?

A

Saint Peter

60
Q

christian building in dura europas

A

house transformed for early christian rituals

61
Q

images decorating buildings

A

had something to do with the function of building

62
Q

what did peter hitting rocks have to do with?

A

had to do with baptism

63
Q

did not get big churches in which religion?

A

christianity

64
Q

who did Romans persecute?

A

christians

65
Q

where did people go to perform rituals of religion?

A

someone’s house in dura europas

66
Q

eucarist

A

first ritual, with bread and water

67
Q

christian house

A

open floor plan, raised area for priest or person in charge, had a version of a mass, there was an empty space - speculation for people who were not baptized, third room - was for the baptistery

68
Q

who were sarcophagus’ for?

A

the wealthy

69
Q

what was displayed on sarcophagus’?

A

orants, old and new testament scenes

70
Q

sarcophagus of junius bassus

A

person buried was roman senator, part of the roman elite who converted to christianity; top left scene is of Isak and Abraham; bottom left scene is of people talking who are miserable sitting on dung heap

71
Q

two forms of roman churches

A

basilica-plan church and central plan

72
Q

basilica-plan church

A

clerestory, attrium, apse, central aisle, nave, double aisle

73
Q

central plan

A

central dome area, sanctuary, apse, naos, aisle, narthex, atrium

74
Q

what was the most important building in (christianity)?

A

vattican, dedicated to saint-peters

75
Q

why was the orientation of the vatican east-to-west?

A

had to do with the typography of area and where Saint Peters was buried

76
Q

orient church on feast date

A

dedicated to 16 century painting of Old Saint Peters

77
Q

Santa Sabina, Rome

A

series of columns, round circular temple

78
Q

what form of temples did Romans not want to use?

A

round circular temples

79
Q

what form of temples did Romans use?

A

basilica style and building plan

80
Q

Trier, Aula Nova

A

audience hall of constantine

81
Q

romans appropriated what forms as church form?

A

basilica form

82
Q

mosaic decorations

A

evolved from roman mosaics

83
Q

why is Trier, Aula Nova important?

A

because of wooden door with the earliest image of cruxifiction

84
Q

what story does the wooden door at Trier, Aula Nova depict?

A

ascension of Elijah

85
Q

what is Santa Maria Maggiore?

A

a church

86
Q

arcade

A

round arches connecting columns

87
Q

how did mosaics evolve?

A

started as stone mosaics from Rome to wall mosaics made of glass, where they could colour glass

88
Q

tesseraie

A

pieces of glass used for mosaics

89
Q

who was Constanza?

A

Constantine’s daughter

90
Q

what was grape stomping used for?

A

as an hommage to Dionysus tradition

91
Q

Mausoleum of Galla Placidia

A

mausoleum full of mosaics, another niche on opposite side, portable grill with guy, book and halo

92
Q

where was jewish art found? where was christian art found?

A

Syria, Rome

93
Q

what religions are monotheistic?

A

Judaism, Christianity, Islam

94
Q

what is the Qu’ran?

A

book of islam

95
Q

who was important to establishing the bible?

A

Jerome

96
Q

jewelry of queen arnegunde

A

discovered in her tomb, excavated at the abbey of saint-denis, paris

97
Q

cloisonné

A

areas of gold that are carved out and filled with colours, jewels, et

98
Q

what was the biggest find in medieval history?

A

purse coverm shoulder clasps, belt buckle, utensils, helmets, shields

99
Q

who is Redvald?

A

king of east, burial in Sutton Hoo might be his, put someone on a ship let them sail into afterlife

100
Q

pair of spoons

A

written names saulos and paulos on spoons in greek

101
Q

who were saulos and paulos?

A

saul and paul, characters from the new testament

102
Q

Pope Gregory sent out St. Augustine to christianize where?

A

England

103
Q

Gospel of Saint Augustine

A

important book for christianity in england and ireland, picture on the front is of Luke (symbol of ox)

104
Q

book of kells

A

considered to be one of the best and most expensive books found, Chi-rho-iota (XPI)

105
Q

lindisfarne gospel

A

cross carpet page, made purposeful mistake, sinceo nly god is perfection

106
Q

codex amiatinus

A

ezra writing in a book, 515 calves killed to produce manuscript, 9 books in background refer to another 9 part manuscript