Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems Flashcards
What are the primary aircraft systems?
- Powerplant (engine and propeller)
- Induction
- Ignition
- Fuel
- Lubrication
- Cooling
- Electrical
- Landing gear
- Environmental control
What is the purpose of the powerplant in an aircraft?
To produce thrust to propel the aircraft and drive various systems supporting operation.
What are the two types of reciprocating engines?
- Spark ignition
- Compression ignition
Name three classifications of engine design.
- Cylinder arrangement (radial, in-line, v-type, opposed)
- Operating cycle (two-stroke, four-stroke)
- Cooling method (liquid, air)
What are the four strokes of a four-stroke engine?
- Intake
- Compression
- Power
- Exhaust
What is the primary function of a propeller?
To generate thrust, pulling or pushing the aircraft through the air.
What are the types of propellers?
- Fixed-pitch
- Adjustable-pitch
- Constant-speed
What is the primary advantage of a constant-speed propeller?
Maintains optimal efficiency by automatically varying the blade angle.
What is carburetor ice, and when is it most likely to occur?
Ice forming in the carburetor due to low temperatures and high humidity, most likely below 70°F (21°C) and above 80% humidity.
What are the two main types of induction systems?
- Carburetor system
- Fuel injection system
What are the advantages of a fuel injection system?
- Reduction in evaporative icing
- Better fuel flow
- Faster throttle response
- Precise mixture control
- Easier cold weather starts
What are the two types of forced induction systems?
- Supercharger
- Turbocharger
What is the difference between a supercharger and a turbocharger?
Supercharger: Engine-driven compressor.
Turbocharger: Exhaust gas-driven compressor.
What is the purpose of the oil system?
- Lubricate engine parts
- Reduce friction
- Remove heat
- Seal cylinder walls and pistons
- Carry away contaminants
What are the two types of oil systems?
- Wet-sump
- Dry-sump
What is the function of the ignition system?
Provides a spark to ignite the fuel-air mixture in the cylinders.
What are the components of a dual ignition system?
- Two magnetos
- Two spark plugs per cylinder
- Separate wiring for each magneto
What are the purposes of the engine cooling system?
- Prevent overheating
- Maintain optimal operating temperature
- Dissipate excess heat
What are the types of cooling systems used in small aircraft?
- Air cooling
- Liquid cooling
What is Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC)?
A digital system controlling an engine and propeller, eliminating magnetos, carburetor heat, and mixture controls.
