Chapter 7 & 8

Question 1

— process in which a substance (s) changes into another substance (s) by rearrangement, combination, or separation of atoms

Answer 1

Chemical Reactions

Question 2

— equations that are:
reactants —> products

Answer 2

Chemical Equations

Question 3

4 states

Answer 3

1. (S) — solid
2. (g) — gas
3. (l) — liquid
   4.(aq) — aqueous solution

Question 4

— same # of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation

Answer 4

Balanced

Question 5

— mass of rations = mass of products

Answer 5

Laviosier’s Law of Conservation of Matter

Question 6

— in chemical equations, tells us moles

Answer 6

Coefficients

Question 7

— relationship between the quantities of chemical reactants & products

Answer 7

Stoichiometry

Question 8

— burning of a fuel in oxygen accompanied by evolution of heat & light
*gives off heat & light *
*burns in O2 —> CO2 & H2O

Answer 8

Combustion Reactions

Question 9

— reactant that determines the amount of products that can be formed; run out of 1st.

Answer 9

Limiting Reactant

Question 10

Percent Yield

Answer 10

= (actual yield/ theoretical yield) x 100%

Question 11

— amount of a substance in a mixture can be determined if it is used as a limiting reactant in a reaction & the product quantified

Answer 11

Chemical Analysis

Question 12

— dissolved in water

Answer 12

Aqueous Solution

Question 13

— solvent of life
— common lab solvent for general chemistry

Answer 13

Water (H2O)

Question 14

— substances whose aqueous solutions conduct electricity

Answer 14

Electrolytes

Question 15

— ion “separates” or dissociates completely in water
100% dissolved into ions
Ex) NaCl

Answer 15

Strong Electrolytes

Question 16

— ions “separates” or dissociates less than completely
*<100% dissolved *
Ex) Acetic Acid (C2H3O2)

Answer 16

Weak Electrolytes

Question 17

— dissolves but does not dissociate; do not conduct electricity
Ex) sugar (sucrose) (C12H22O11)

Answer 17

Nonelectrolytes