Chapter 7

Question 1

Phylogeny

Answer 1

evolutionary history of species/grp of related species (discipline of systematics)

Question 2

Data Used to Reconstruct Phylogeny

Answer 2

• Morphology and Anatomy
• Molecular Data
• Fossils (radiometric dating from radioisotopes)
• Development and Embryology
• Biogeography (plate tectonics, continental drift)

Question 3

Taxonomy

Answer 3

scientific dicipline concerned with classiyfing organisms

Question 4

Hierachical Classification

Answer 4

Domain-Phylum-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Species

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Question 5

Polytomy

Answer 5

Unresolved pattern of divergence

Question 6

Phylogenetic Tree

Answer 6

hypothesis about evolutionary relationships amoung taxomic groups

Doesn’t indicate how much change occured or state that 2 species came from eachother - just share a comon ancestor

Question 7

What can Cause confusion in Phylogenic tree?

Answer 7

Convergent evolution

Question 8

Homology v Analogy

Answer 8

Complex systems that organisms share with ancestor vs. common adaptation formed by environmental or other pressures

Question 9

Shared Ancestral v Derived Character

Answer 9

• Ancestral: character orginating from ancestor in taxon
• Derived: evol. novelty unique to particular clade

Question 10

Monophyletic, Paraphyletic, Polyphyletic

Answer 10

• Mono: clade containing ancestor and all decendants
• Para: ancestor and some, not all, decendants
• Poly: distant related descendents which doesnt include most common ancestor

Question 11

Maximum Parsimony

Answer 11

tree that requires fewest evol. events is most likely

Question 12

Maximum Likelihood

Answer 12

given certian rules about DNA chg. over time, tree can be found that reflects most liekly sequence of evol. events