Chapter 6 Key Terms

Question 0

Active exercise

Answer 0

Exercise performed by a person without any manual or mechanical assistance

Question 1

Active assistive exercise

Answer 1

Exercise performed by a person with manual or mechanical assistance; can be static or dynamic

Question 2

Active resistive exercise

Answer 2

Exercise performed by a person against manual or mechanical resistance

Question 3

Adhesion

Answer 3

A fibrous band of scar tissue that binds together anatomical structures that are normally separate

Question 4

Atrophy

Answer 4

A decrease or reduction in the size of normally developed cells, tissues, organs, or body parts

Question 5

Capsular pattern

Answer 5

A characteristic pattern for a given joint that limits joint motion and indicates that a problem exists within that joint

Question 6

Concentric contraction

Answer 6

An overall shortening of a muscle as it develops tension and contracts; positive work is performed or movement is accelerated

Question 7

Contraction

Answer 7

A drawing together or a shortening or shrinking (e.g., a muscle contracts)

Question 8

Contracture

Answer 8

A condition of shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissue, often leading t deformity and rigidity of joints

Question 9

Dorsal

Answer 9

Relating to the back or posterior of a structure (as opposed to the ventral, or front, of the structure). Some of the dorsal surfaces of the body are the back, buttocks, calves, and the knuckle of side of the hand

Question 10

Eccentric contraction

Answer 10

An overall lengthening of a muscle as it develops tension and contracts to control motion performed by an outside force; negative work is performed or movement is decelerated

Question 11

End feel

Answer 11

The quality of movement a person senses when pressure is applied passively to a joint at the end of it’s available range of motion

Question 12

Extrinsic

Answer 12

Being, coming, or acting from the outside; not inherent

Question 13

Hypertrophy

Answer 13

An increase in the cross-sectional size of a fiber or cell

Question 14

Isokinetic exercise

Answer 14

A form of active resistive exercise; the speed of movement of the limb is controlled throughout the arc or range of motion, and the resistance offered is in direct proportion to the force offered by the patient throughout the range of motion of the exercise

Question 15

Isometric contraction

Answer 15

A muscle contraction that develops tension but does not perform any mechanical work; no appreciable joint motion occurs, and the overall length of the muscle remains constant

Question 16

Isotonic contraction

Answer 16

A muscle contraction whereby tension is developed and movement of a joint or body part occurs; an eccentric or concentric contraction can occur, and the muscle may lengthen or shorten

Question 17

Joint play

Answer 17

The laxity or elasticity of a joint capsule that allows movement of the joint surfaces within the capsule

Question 18

Length-tension curve

Answer 18

The curve that accounts for the active and passive elements of a muscle tension and dictates that optimal tension is developed at one point known as the resting length, the point in it’s range where peak torque is developed.

Question 19

Passive exercise

Answer 19

Exercise performed on a person by manual or mechanical means; no voluntary muscle contraction occurs

Question 20

Phlebitis

Answer 20

Inflammation if a vein

Question 21

Pronation

Answer 21

The position if the forearm that places palm downward; medial rotation of the forearm. The motion occurs in the forearm.

Question 22

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)

Answer 22

A treatment technique that uses various stimuli to affect the muscle or joint proprioceptors to facilitate or alter movement responses

Question 23

Range of motion (ROM)

Answer 23

The normal extent of movement in a joint; the amount of motion allowed between two bony levers

Question 24

Resistance

Answer 24

A force external to the body that creates additional work for a muscle when it contracts

Question 25

Soft tissues

Answer 25

Tissues that lack bony or skeletal components; these tissues include muscle, ligament, joint capsule, tendon, skin, and fascia

Question 26

Stretching

Answer 26

Any therapeutic technique or procedure designed to lengthen or elongate shortened soft-tissue structures and to increase the range of motion

Question 27

Supination

Answer 27

The position of the forearm that places the palm upward; lateral rotation of the forearm. The motion occurs in the forearm.

Question 28

Thrombophlebitis

Answer 28

Inflammation of a vein associated with the formation of a thrombus

Question 29

Thrombus

Answer 29

An aggregation of blood factors, primarily platelets and fibrin, with entrapment of cellular elements that frequently leads to a clot and obstruction of a blood vessel

Question 30

Volar

Answer 30

Pertaining to the palm; indicating the flexor surface of the forearm, wrist, or hand