Chapter 5

Question 1

Adaptation

Answer 1

changes in physical structure, function, and behaviour that allows organisms to better survive and reproduce in an environment

Question 2

What are the types of adaptation?

Answer 2

Genetic: biological changes that are inherited and non-reversible and determined by natural selection
Developmental: occurs at individual level during period of growth
Functional: provides a functional advantage and occur during lifetime
Acclimatization: occurs at the individual level anytime (reversible)

Question 3

Bergmans rule

Answer 3

shorter bodies for cold and taller for warm

Question 4

Allens rule

Answer 4

shorter limbs for cold and longer for warm

Question 5

Vasodilation

Answer 5

increase in blood vessel diameter

Question 6

Hypoxia

Answer 6

reduced amount of oxygen in the body or tissues

Question 7

Cline

Answer 7

a gradual change in a phenotypic characteristic from one generation to the next

Question 8

Monogenism vs Polygenism

Answer 8

all humans descended from one common ancestor or 2 or more ancestral types

Question 9

Race

Answer 9

group with common origin/decent

Question 10

Ethnic group

Answer 10

shared or common cultural background

Question 11

Systema Natura

Answer 11

Linnaeus classification of the natural world

Europaeus, americanas, asiaticus, africanus

Question 12

Cephalic index

Answer 12

ratio of head length to width

Question 13

Biological determinism

Answer 13

belief that biology dictated intelligence, morals, behaviour, etc…

Question 14

Essentialism

Answer 14

idea that groups have an essential underlying feature