CHAPTER 4 BOOK VOCAB

Question 1

psychoactive drugs

Answer 1

chemical substance that affects brain function and alters consciousness, perception, mood, and behavior

Question 2

depressants

Answer 2

depress or inhibit brain activity

Question 3

opioids

Answer 3

chemically similar drugs related to morphine - reduces pain and produces euphoria

Question 4

stimulants

Answer 4

stimulate and excite brain activity

Question 5

psychedelic

Answer 5

distort sensory perception

Question 6

physical dependence

Answer 6

condition where a person physically adapted to a drug so that they must take it regularly to avoid withdrawls

Question 7

drug tolerance

Answer 7

condition in which increasing amounts of a physically addictive drug are needed to produce desired effect

Question 8

withdrawl symptoms

Answer 8

unpleasant physical reaction to a lack of drugs

Question 9

drug abuse

Answer 9

recurrent abuse of drugs to feel or satisfy a drug craving

Question 10

barbiturates

Answer 10

category of antidepressant drugs that reduce anxiety and produce sleepiness

Question 11

meditation

Answer 11

group of techniques that induce an altered state of focused attention and awareness
-control and train attention

Question 12

focused attention techniques

Answer 12

involve focusing awareness on visual images and objects
-mantras

Question 13

open monitoring techniques

Answer 13

monitors content experience from moment to moment

Question 14

hypnosis

Answer 14

cooperative social interaction in which the hypnotized person responds to the hypnotist’s suggestions

Question 15

posthypnotic suggestion

Answer 15

instruction given during hypnosis asking a person to carry out a specific behavior following session

Question 16

sleep disorder

Answer 16

serious sleep disturbance that interferes with daytime function

Question 17

insomnia

Answer 17

person regularly experiences inability to fall or stay asleep or feel rested by sleep

Question 18

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

Answer 18

sleep disorder in which the person repeatedly stops breathing

Question 19

narcolepsy

Answer 19

sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness or brief daytime sleep episodes.

Question 20

parasomnia

Answer 20

undesirable physical arousal, behavior, or events during sleep or sleep transitions

Question 21

sleep terrors

Answer 21

episodes of increased physiological arousal, panic, or frightening hallucinations
-can not recall event happening

Question 22

sleepwalking

Answer 22

sleep disturbance defined by an episode of walking or performing episodes during stage 3NREM sleep

Question 23

nightmare

Answer 23

vivid or frightening anxiety dreams that occur during REM sleep

Question 24

activation synthesis model of dreaming

Answer 24

theory maintains that brain activity during sleep produces dream images (activation) which are combined with the brain into dream story (synthesis)

Question 25

neurocognitive model of dreaming

Answer 25

emphasizes the continuity between waking and dreaming cognition

Question 26

circadian rhythm

Answer 26

roughly 24-hour long cycle of fluctuations in biological and psychological processes

Question 27

electroencephalograph (EEG)

Answer 27

instrument using electrodes to measure brain waves through rhythmic electrical activity

Question 28

REM sleep

Answer 28

sleep which rapid eye movements and dreaming usually occur
-voluntary muscle activity surpressed

Question 29

NREM sleep

Answer 29

opposite of REM sleep
rapid eye movements and dreaming usually do not occur

Question 30

consciousness

Answer 30

personal awareness of mental activities, internal sensation, and external environment

Question 31

attention

Answer 31

capacity to selectively focus awareness on particular stimuli in an environment