Chapter 4

Question 1

Symbols are contextual

Answer 1

the key to understanding is context because meaning changes as symbols move from one context to another

Question 2

intensional orientations

Answer 2

communication and meaning are based on internal factors, or whats inside of use: our own definitions, associations

Question 3

Extensional orientations

Answer 3

based on observations and attention to objective particulars that distinguish phenomena from one another

• facts behind the words
• fewer misunderstandings

Question 4

indexing

Answer 4

way to remind ourselves that meanings vary and change across time and circumstances

Question 5

feedforward

Answer 5

describe the process of anticipating the effects of communication and adapting to those effects before communicating

Question 6

General semantics

Answer 6

the idea that words distort, obscure, and complicate understanding between people

Question 7

symbols are arbitrary

Answer 7

symbols (words, maps, art) have no direct relationship to what they represent