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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

bi-

A

twice, double, two

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2
Q

clon/o

A

violent action

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3
Q

dys-

A

bad, difficult, or painful

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4
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia, fibrous band

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5
Q

fibr/o

A

fibrous tissue, fiber

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6
Q

-ia

A

abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium

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7
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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8
Q

kines/o, kinesi/o

A

movement

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9
Q

-lysis

A

to set free, break down

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10
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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11
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis, stroke

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12
Q

tax/o

A

coordination, order

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13
Q

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

A

tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

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14
Q

ton/o

A

tone, stretching, tension

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15
Q

tri-

A

three

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16
Q

how many muscles does the body have?

A

more than 600

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17
Q

how much of the body’s weight do muscles make up?

A

40-50%

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18
Q

made up of fibers covered with fascia; attached to bones by tendons; voluntary, striated muscles

A

skeletal muscles

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19
Q

walls of internal organs; involuntary, unstriated, visceral muscles

A

smooth muscles

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20
Q

walls of the heart; constant contraction and
relaxation causes the heartbeat

A

myocardical muscle

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21
Q

means relating to the chest

A

pectoral

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22
Q

means huge

A

vastus

23
Q

means towards the side

A

lateralis

24
Q

means towards the middle

A

medialis

25
Q

Slanted or at an angle
Examples: external and internal obliques

A

oblique

26
Q

Straight alignment with vertical axis of the body
Examples: rectus abdominis and rectus femoris

A

rectus

27
Q

Ring-like muscle; constricts opening
Example: anal sphincter

A

sphincter

28
Q

Crosswise direction
Example: transverse abdominis

A

transverse

29
Q

Band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
Can form in muscles or in internal organs, as the result of an injury or surgery

A

adhesion

30
Q

Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures
Can be caused by pathology or by disuse of the muscle over a long period of time

A

atrophy

31
Q

Physically wasting away due to loss of weight and muscle mass
Occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS

A

cachexia

32
Q

Tissue protruding through a weak area in the muscle normally containing it
Inguinal (groin) hernia: most common type

A

hernia

33
Q

tenderness or pain in the muscles

A

myalgia

34
Q

Simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many body parts

A

Polymyositis (PM)

35
Q

Death of muscle fibers releases contents into the bloodstream; can lead to complications such as renal failure

A

Rhabdomyolysis

36
Q

Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging

A

Sarcopenia

37
Q

Lacking normal muscle tone or strength

A

Atonic

38
Q

Movement disorder
Characterized by involuntary and sometimes repetitive contraction of certain muscles

A

Dystonia

39
Q

Diminished tone of the skeletal muscles
Described as floppy baby syndrome in infants

A

Hypotonia

40
Q

Lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement
Often shaky and unsteady movements

A

ataxia

41
Q

Permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin
Normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues

A

Contracture

42
Q

Poor circulation causes pain in the leg muscles during exercise but is relieved by rest

A

Intermittent claudication (IC)

43
Q

Sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles
Repeated spasm, often involving the eyelids or face, is called a tic

A

Spasm

44
Q

Quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles
May occur normally as a person is falling asleep
Jerks, shakes, or spasms resulting from a neurological disorder

A

Myoclonus

45
Q

Myoclonus of the diaphragm

A

Singultus (hiccups)

46
Q

Stiff neck
Spasmodic contraction of neck muscles pulling the head toward the affected side

A

Torticollis (wryneck)

46
Q

Chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction

A

Myasthenia Gravis

47
Q

Progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles
Two most common forms: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker
muscular dystrophy (BMD)

A

Muscular Dystrophy (MD)

48
Q

Weakness or slight muscular paralysis

A

Myoparesis

49
Q

Weakness or slight paralysis affecting one side of the body
Common effect of a stroke

A

Hemiparesis

50
Q

Total paralysis affecting only one side of the body

A

Hemiplegia

51
Q

Paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

A

Paraplegia (partial paralysis)

52
Q

Paralysis of all four extremities

A

Quadriplegia (tetraplegia)

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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