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Bio 192 Exam 3 > Chapter 34 > Flashcards

Chapter 34 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

List the major clades of Protostomes

A

Spiralia

Ecdysozoa

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2
Q

A specialized type of free-living larva found in lophotrochozoans.

A

trochophore
Spiralia
Protostome

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3
Q

A horseshoe-shaped crown of ciliated tentacles that surrounds the mouth of certain spiralian animals; seen in the phyla Brachiopoda and Bryozoa.

A

lophophore
Spiralia
Protostome

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4
Q

Contains the arthropods and nematodes

The clade that contains animals that molt

A

Ecdysozoa

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5
Q

The phylum that contains the flatworms

A

Platyhelminthes

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6
Q

Primarily regulate water balance in flatworms have a secondary excretory function

A

flame cells

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7
Q

Flatworms are known for their ____ capacity. When a single individual is divided into two or more parts an entirely new flatworm can regrow

A

regenerative

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8
Q

Flatworms consist of two major groups

A

Free living

PArasitic

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9
Q

All parasitic flatworms are placed into the subphylum ___

A

Neodermata

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10
Q

The free-living flatworms are the

A

Turbellarians

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11
Q

The flatworms known as flukes are called ____. They attach themselves within their host y way have suckers, hooks, or anchors. The life cycle is usually complex.

A

Trematoda

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12
Q

The ciliated first-stage larva inside the egg of the liver fluke; eggs are passed in feces, and if they reach water they may be eaten by a host snail in which they continue their life cycle.

A

miracidium

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13
Q

Within a snail the ciliated Trematode larvae turn into a____ a baglike structure containing embryonic germ cells

A

sporocyst

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14
Q

Each Trematode sporocyst A secondary, transforms into a nonciliated larva produced in the sporocysts of liver flukes.

A

redia

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15
Q

Each redia grows within the snail then gives rise to several individuals of the next larval stage, the tadpole-like ____

A

cercaria

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16
Q

Cercariae escape into the water where they bore into the muscle tissue of a fish. It loses its tail, encysts and is now called a ___

A

metacercariae

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17
Q

Class ___ the tapeworm and its relatives

A

Cercomeromorpha

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18
Q

The attachment organ at the anterior end of a tapeworm.

A

scolex

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19
Q

A repeated body segment in tapeworms that contains both male and female reproductive organs; proglottids eventually form eggs and embryos, which leave the host’s body in feces.

A

proglottid

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20
Q

This phylum includes snails, clams, slugs, scallops, cuttlefish, oysters, and octopuses

A

Mollusca

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21
Q

The soft, outermost layer of the body wall in mollusks; secretes the shell.

A

Mantle

22
Q

The mantle secretes the ____ of the shell in those mollusks with a shell

A

calcium carbonate

23
Q

In mollusks the ____ is highly reduced being limited to small spaces around the excretory organs, heart, and part of the intestines

A

coelom

24
Q

The soft, outermost layer of the body wall in mollusks; the mantle secretes the shell.

A

radula

25
Q

____ are the only mollusks that have no radula

A

Bivalves

26
Q

Nitrogenous wastes are removed from mollusks by ____, a tubular excretory structure that acts like a sort of kidney

A

nephridium

27
Q

The funnel-shaped opening that leads to the nephridium, which is the excretory organ of mollusks.

A

nephrostome

28
Q

The main coelomic cavity of a mollusk is the ___ which includes several sinuses and a network of vessels in the gills where gas exchange takes place

A

hemocoel

29
Q

All mollusks except cephalopods have a ____ circulatory system

A

open

30
Q

The mollusk zygote undergoes spiral cleavage. The embryo develops into a free-swimming larva called a

A

trochophore

31
Q

The second larval stage of mollusks following the trochophore stage, during which the beginning of a foot, shell, and mantle can be seen.

A

veliger

32
Q

The class of mollusks that includes chitons

A

Polyplacophora

33
Q

The class of mollusks that includes limpets, snails, and slugs

A

Gastropoda

34
Q

The class of mollusks that contains clams, oysters, and mollusks

A

Bivalvia

35
Q

The class of mollusks that contains squids, cuttlefish, and octopuses

A

Cephalopoda

36
Q

The process in embryonic development of gastropods by which the mantle cavity and anus move from a posterior location to the front of the body, closer to the location of the mouth.

A

Torsion

37
Q

Most octopuses and squids are able to change the color and texture of their skin using cells called ____ which are epithelial cells that contain pigments

A

chromatophores

38
Q

Bristles of chitin on each body segment that help anchor annelid worms during locomotion.

A

chaetae

39
Q

Annelids have a closed circulatory system but a segmented ____

A

excretory system

40
Q

Name the three classes of Annelids

A

Polychaetes
Oligochaetes
Hirudinea

41
Q

Include clamworms, scale worms, lugworms, sea mice, and tubeworms. Play a crucial part in many marine food chains

A

Polychaetes

42
Q

One of the paired lateral processes on each side of most segments in polychaete annelids.

A

parapodia

43
Q

Vinegar eels, eelworms and other roundworms are in phylum

A

Nematoda

44
Q

Nematodes are unusual among worms in that they lack ____ musculature so they can shorten but not change in diameter

A

circular

45
Q

Nematodes are important subjects for genetic and developmental studies because

A

They have a fixed number of cells and are transparent

46
Q

Includes spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions, daddy long legs, horseshoe crabs all have mouthparts containing pincers or fangs

A

Phylum Arthropoda

Class Chelicerata

47
Q

Includes lobsters, crabs, shrimps, isopods, ad barnacles All have mouthparts that are mandibles, two-branches appendages, and two pairs of antennae

A

Phylum Arthropoda

Class Crustacea

48
Q

Includes insects, beetles, flies, fleas, true bugs, grasshoppers, butterflies, termites. All have mandible mouthparts, the body consists of three regions, one pair of antennae, single branches appendages

A

Phylum Arthropoda

Class Hexapoda

49
Q

Includes centipedes and millipedes. All have mandible mouthparts, one pair of antennae, and numerous segments

A

Phylum Arthropoda

Class Myriapoda

50
Q

Segments specialized into functional groups called

A

tagmata

51
Q

In many crustaceans the head and thorax fuse to form the cephalothorax or

A

prosoma

52
Q

The name arthropod means

A

jointed feet

Bio 192 Exam 3 (3 decks)

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