CHAPTER 3: Innate Immunity Flashcards
The term for enhancement of phagocytosis by coating of foreign particles with serum proteins is
a. opsonization.
b. agglutination.
c. solubilization.
d. chemotaxis.
a. opsonization.
Which of the following plays an important role as an external defense mechanism?
a. Phagocytosis
b. C-reactive protein
c. Lysozyme
d. Complement
c. Lysozyme
The process of inflammation is characterized by all of the following except
a. increased blood supply to the area.
b. migration of WBCs.
c. decreased capillary permeability.
d. appearance of acute-phase reactants.
c. decreased capillary permeability.
Skin, lactic acid secretions, stomach acidity, and the motion of cilia represent which type of immunity?
a. Innate
b. Cross
c. Adaptive
d. Auto
a. Innate
The structure formed by the fusion of engulfed material and enzymatic granules within the phagocytic cell is called a
a. phagosome.
b. lysosome.
c. vacuole.
d. phagolysosome
d. phagolysosome
The presence of human microbiota (normal flora) acts as a defense mechanism by which of the following methods?
a. Maintaining an acid environment
b. Competing with potential pathogens
c. Keeping phagocytes in the area
d. Coating mucosal surfaces
b. Competing with potential pathogens
Measurement of CRP levels can be used for all of the following except
a. monitoring drug therapy with anti-inflammatory agents.
b. tracking the progress of an organ transplant.
c. diagnosis of a specific bacterial infection.
d. determining active phases of rheumatoid arthritis.
c. diagnosis of a specific bacterial infection.
Pathogen recognition receptors act by
a. recognizing molecules common to both host cells and pathogens.
b. recognizing molecules that are unique to pathogens.
c. helping to spread infection because they are found on pathogens.
d. all recognizing the same pathogens.
b. recognizing molecules that are unique to pathogens.
Which of the following are characteristics of acute-phase reactants?
a. Rapid increase following infection
b. Enhancement of phagocytosis
c. Nonspecific indicators of inflammation
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which is the most significant agent formed in the phagolysosome for the elimination of microorganisms?
a. Proteolytic enzymes
b. Hydrogen ions
c. Hypochlorite ions
d. Superoxides
c. Hypochlorite ions
Which acute-phase reactant helps to prevent formation of peroxides and free radicals that may damage tissues?
a. Haptoglobin
b. Fibrinogen
c. Ceruloplasmin
d. Serum amyloid A
a. Haptoglobin
Which statement best describes Toll-like receptors (TLRs)?
a. They protect adult flies from infection.
b. They are found on all host cells.
c. They only play a role in adaptive immunity.
d. They enhance phagocytosis.
d. They enhance phagocytosis.
The action of CRP can be distinguished from that of an antibody because
a. CRP acts before the antibody appears.
b. only the antibody triggers the complement cascade.
c. binding of the antibody is calcium-dependent.
d. only CRP acts as an opsonin.
a. CRP acts before the antibody appears.
How does innate immunity differ from adaptive immunity?
a. Innate immunity requires prior exposure to a pathogen.
b. Innate immunity depends upon normally present body functions.
c. Innate immunity develops later than adaptive immunity.
d. Innate immunity is more specific than adaptive immunity.
b. Innate immunity depends upon normally present body functions.
A 40-year-old male who is a smoker develops symptoms of premature emphysema. The symptoms may be caused by a deficiency of which of the following acute-phase reactants?
a. Haptoglobin
b. Alpha1-antitrypsin
c. Fibrinogen
d. Ceruloplasmin
b. Alpha1-antitrypsin
