Chapter 3 Flashcards
the passing of genetic traits to offspring
heredity
the trait observed in the first generation when parents who have different traits are bred
dominant trait
a trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred
recessive trait
one set of instructions for an inherited trait
gene
one of the alternative forms of a gene, that governs a characteristic, such as hair color
allele
an organism’s appearance or other distinguishable characteristic
phenotype
the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits
genotype
the likelihood that a possible future event were occur in any given instance of the event
probability
chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure
homologous chromosomes
a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells
meiosis
one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of the individual
sex chromosome
a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family
pedigree
