Chapter 3 Flashcards
Who could go to heaven according to predestination?
The elect
What were the beliefs of Calvinism? (2)
- All are weak; all are born sinners (due to the doctrine of “original sin”)
- predestination
What kind of gov. was brought by John Calvin?
theocracy (gov. ruled by church leaders)
Who were the puritans?
Devout Calvinists that believed only the elect should be able to go to church
What is another word for the elect?
VISIBLE SAINTS
Who were separatists?
Those who gave up on purifying the Church of England (puritans)
Why did separatists flee England?
They wanted to practice their beliefs. Wanted to live and die as “good puritans”
Where had the separatists first settled?
Plymouth
What was the mayflower compact?
Form a govt. and obey laws under majority rule (step toward self govt.)
Who was William Bradford?
Leader and scholar who was chosen as governed of Plymouth 30 times
Who created the Massachusetts bay company?
Non-separatist puritans
Why was the mass. Bay co. Made?
To escape King Charles 1 and William laud’s persecutions (used it as a constitution)
What was the great migration?
70k refugees left England & perhaps 20k went to mass
Who was john Winthrop?
1st gov. Who helped mass prosper in fur trading, fishing, and shipbuilding
What was the quote that was said in a famous sermon aboard the Arabella?
“We shall be as a city upon a hill” (inspired reform back in England)
What were the beliefs of the mass. Bag colony?
- no religious toleration
- suffrage given to all “freemen”
- non-believers paid races to the church
What was special about governor Winthrop?
He was the first governor who served for 19 years
Who was john cotton?
A fiery preacher
Who was Anne Hutchinson?
Famous mass dissenter, no clear sign of predestination, did not have to obey the laws (ANTINOMIANISM- faith alone will lead to salvation)
How was Anne killed?
Indian attack by non Winthrop
Who was roger Williams?
Salem minister and extreme separatist, wanted clergymen to break completely with Church of England
What was the Pequot war?
White militia set fire to Pequot village on mystic river; resulted in slavery for survivors & uneasy peace
Did the puritans try to convert the Indians?
Yes, but only in feeble efforts
Who was chief Metacom?
United neighboring Indians in a last ditch attack on New England colonies
What were the effect king Philips war?
- Devastated New England economy & slowed colonial march
- Native Americans were crushed in the end
Who was sir Edmund andros?
Taxed people without consent, revoked all land titles, restricted courts, etc
What was a result of installing Protestants William and Mary to the crown?
America was seized and humiliated by a Boston mob (first “American revolution”)
Characteristics of the middle colonies (3)
- very fertile soil (break colonies)
- greater ethnic diversity, rel. toleration, & often more dem. ideals
- greater internal conflict
What was the use of “Penn’s woods”?
Intended as refuge for Quakers (the “religious society of friends”)
Characteristics of penn. (4)
- deep conviction (“quake” at word of god)
- refused to pay taxes to church, swear oaths, or serve in military
- hated slavery
- religious tolerance (treated Indians well)
What were popular crops that were grown and traded in the south?
Rice (brought by African slaves) & indigo
