Chapter 3

Question 1

— the movement of one electron affects the position & movement of the other electrons in a multi electron atom.

Answer 1

Electron correlation

Question 2

— net positive charge attracting an electron in a multi-electron atoms

Answer 2

Effective Nuclear Charge

Question 3

— orbitals with same energy

Answer 3

Degenerative

Question 4

— combined quantum mechanical equation with Einstein’s 1905 Theory of Special Relativity
— required quantum # 4 in new theory

Answer 4

Dirac (1928)

Question 5

— no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of 4 quantum #’s (n, l, ml, ms)
— orbital can only have two electrons associated with quantum # 4 (ms=1/2 or-1/2)

Answer 5

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Question 6

Electron Configurations are at?

Answer 6

Ground State

Question 7

— fill orbitals in order of energy from low to high

Answer 7

Aufbau Principle

Question 8

— electron not accompanied by electron of opposite spin

Answer 8

Unpaired Electron

Question 9

— for degenerative orbitals, the lowest energy is attained when #of electrons with same spin is maximized.

Answer 9

Hund’s Rule

Question 10

— electrons in their inner shells

Answer 10

Core electrons

Question 11

— electrons outside inner gas configurations

Answer 11

Valence electrons

Question 12

Which two elements do NOT follow aufbau principle?

Answer 12

— Cr (Chromium)
— Cu (Copper)

Question 13

— atoms or groups of atoms that lose or gain electron to form species bearing a net charge

Answer 13

Ions

Question 14

— (-) charged Ion
— typically nonmetals
— larger than parent atom

Answer 14

Anion

Question 15

— (+) charged Ions
— typically metals
— smaller than parent atom

Answer 15

Cations

Question 16

— single atom that has gained/lost electrons

Answer 16

Monoatomic Ions

Question 17

— form cations but no easy pattern to predict charge

Answer 17

Transition Metals

Question 18

— gain/lose electrons to get configurations the same as the nearest inner gas (noble gas)

Answer 18

Atoms

Question 19

— 2 or more atoms bonded together

Answer 19

Polyatomic Ions

Question 20

— energy associated with m(g) + electrons —> m-(g)

Answer 20

Electron Affinities (EA)

Question 21

— ions that possess the same electron configurations

Answer 21

Isoelectronic Series

Question 22

Metals’ components
5

Answer 22

1) Justrous
2) Maleable
3) Ductile (draw wire)
4) Thermal & Electric Conductions
5) Exist in aqueous solutions as cations

Question 23

Nonmetals’ Components

Answer 23

1) Not Justrous
2) Usually Brittle
3) Poor Conduction
4) Exist in aqueous solutions as Anions (-)