chapter 3

Question 1

Explain what is meant when we say that the Constitution is the official rule book of the United States

Answer 1

• it outlines the principles and structures of government
• defines the distribution of powers between federal and state authorities
• guides law making

Question 2

Identify the ways in which federalism divides power between national and state governments.

Answer 2

Federalism divides power between national and state governments by granting each level certain independent authorities and responsibilities. The national government handles issues like taxation and federal laws, while states manage local matters such as education and law enforcement, with overlapping areas where both levels can act simultaneously, reflecting a balance of power that is dynamic and often negotiated.

Question 3

Demonstrate how the flexibility built into the Constitution has allowed it to change with the times.

Answer 3

The flexibility of the Constitution, stemming from its vague wording regarding the distribution of powers, has allowed for varying interpretations by the Supreme Court, enabling it to adapt to changing historical contexts and societal needs. This adaptability has facilitated shifts in the balance of power between national and state governments over time.

Question 4

Describe the ways in which the national government can influence the states.

Answer 4

The national government influences states through categorical grants, which provide specific requirements and funding, and block grants, offering broader spending flexibility. Unfunded mandates impose requirements without funding, compelling compliance through penalties or loss of other federal funds.