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SOC 105 Midterm > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is culture?

A

Refers to the totality of socially transmitted material and non material aspects of human existence

Can very across time and space

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2
Q

Socialization

A

A process by which people learn their cultures.

All social institutions play a role in the transmission of culture

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3
Q

Diffusion

A

The spread of cultural practices from one society to another
- TV, films, internet make diffusion easier

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4
Q

Hybrid cultures

A

Different cultural practices within multicultural societies - carry elements of a variety of cultural traditions

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5
Q

Cultural universals

A

When all societies develop certain common practices and beliefs

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6
Q

Innovation

A

Introducing an idea or object that is new to a culture
- there can he consequences of this

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7
Q

Discovery (innovation)

A

Making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality

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8
Q

Invention (innovation)

A

When existing cultural items are combined into a form that and not exist before

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9
Q

Subculture

A

Shares elements of larger society but has its own distinctive values norms, etc…

Argot: specialized language within subculture

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10
Q

Counter culture

A

Subculture that rejects conventional norms and ranks and adopts alternative out

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11
Q

Culture shock

A

Feels out of place, unfamiliar culture

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12
Q

Multiculturalism

A

Promotes cultural and racial diversity

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13
Q

Cultural imperialism

A

Influence of the material or non material elements of a culture on another culture

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14
Q

Language

A

System of symbols that allows members of society to communicate

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15
Q

Sapir -wharf hypothesis

A

Language precedes thought

Language is not a given, it is culturally determined

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16
Q

Folkways

A

Informal norms that may be violated without serious consequence

17
Q

Mores

A

Strongly held norms, violation of which would result in strong societal reactions

18
Q

Taboos

A

Mores with stricter prohibitions, punishable by law

19
Q

Laws

A

Formal norms enforced by formal sanction)

20
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Practice of judging another culture by the standards of your own

21
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Belief that all cultural practices are equally valid

22
Q

Xenocentrism

A

Believe that their own culture is inferior

23
Q

High culture

A

High status, highbrow concerns

24
Q

Popular or mass culture

A

Culture of ordinary people, tastes that are widespread in a society

25
Q

Bourdieau and forms of capital

A

Relationship between class and culture

26
Q

Economic capital (bourdieu)

A

Material resources (property and money)

27
Q

Cultural capital (bourdieu)

A

Behaviours, knowledges credentials, and qualifications that provide prestige

Example: sports, music, art etc…

28
Q

Social capital (bourdieu)

A

Community ties that can support individuals

29
Q

Symbolic capital

A

prestige or recognition that provides status to an individual

30
Q

Dominant ideology

A

Prevail and receive common acceptance in society

31
Q

Discourse

A

Contested ways of understanding and communicating public issues

32
Q

William F. Ogburn

A

Distinguished between material and non material aspects of culture

33
Q

Cultural lag

A

Period of maladjustment when the non-material culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions.

34
Q

Social perspectives on culture
Functionalist

A

Role of culture is maintaining order

Dominant cultural value reflect societal consensus

35
Q

Conflict sociologists

A

Changes in economic base in society = changes in the culture

Dominant values reflect The interest of the powerful

36
Q

Feminist sociologists

A

Patriarchal ideology legalize gender inequality

37
Q

Symbolic interactionIst

A

Culture meaning are created and interpreted through everyday interaction

SOC 105 Midterm (5 decks)

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