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Culture And Cuisine 1 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

In what order were the major religions founded?

A 
Hinduism
Buddhism
Confucianism/Taoism
Shintoism
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
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2
Q

Who are the prominent gods in Hinduism?

A

Shiva - Destruction

Brahma - Creation

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3
Q

What do Hindus believe regarding the cycle of life?

A

It is an endless cycle of destruction and creation

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4
Q

In Hinduism, what is the purpose of the caste system?

A

It divides people socially into classes that are required to maintain distinct divisions and privileges (or lack of privileges) associated with each specific caste level

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5
Q

What is the highest level of the Hindu caste system?

A

Brahmans: priests and teachers

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6
Q

What is the lowest level of the Hindu caste system?

A

Untouchables

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7
Q

What are the levels of the Hindu caste system and from what part of Brahma are they said to derive from?

A

Brahmans: mouth
Kshatriyas: arms
Vaisyas: thighs
Sudras: feet

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8
Q

In which religion is Divali the celebration of the New Year?

A

Hinduism

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9
Q

In Hinduism, what is Holi?

A

The festival of color and spring

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10
Q

What is a major food practice in Hinduism?

A

Puja - a ritual that is conducted at the shrine in a home or temple

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11
Q

Who founded Buddhism?

A

Siddhartha Gautama

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12
Q

Who are the prominent gods in Buddhism?

A

There are no gods in Buddhism

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13
Q

What do Buddhists call their major beliefs?

A

The 4 Noble Truths

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14
Q

What do Buddhists aspire to reach?

A

Nirvana/enlightenment

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15
Q

What are the variations of Buddhism?

A

Southern
Northern
Eastern

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16
Q

What is a major holiday of Buddhism?

A

Festival of light

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17
Q

What is a food practice of Buddhists regarding meat or fish?

A

They cannot eat it unless it was killed for something other than food

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18
Q

What is a food practice of Buddhist monks?

A

They do not eat solid foods after noon

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19
Q

Who founded Confucianism/Taoism?

A

Confucius

20
Q

What is a major belief of Confucianism?

A

Yin and Yang - balance and harmony

21
Q

What is a major holiday in Confucianism?

A

The Lunar New Year

22
Q

What are a couple of food practice of Confucianism?

A

Diet rich in protein

Eggs and rice for health and wealth

23
Q

In Shintoism, who is the Master of the Great Land?

A

Okuninushi

24
Q

What is a major holiday in Shintoism?

A

The 3 day New Year celebration

25
Q

What is a food practice in Shintoism?

A

Food offerings to ancestors

26
Q

If you had to say who founded Judaism, who would it be?

A

Abraham

27
Q

What do Jews and Christians practice?

A

Monotheism

28
Q

What are two major beliefs of Judaism?

A

Circumcision and coming of age celebrations

29
Q

What book do Jews follow?

A

Torah

30
Q

What are the variations of Judaism?

A

Orthodox
Reform
Modern Orthodoxy

31
Q

What are some major holidays of Judaism?

A 
Rosh Hashanah (New Year)
Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement)
Hanukkah
32
Q

In Judaism, what is Kosher?

A

Ritually prepared and approved for consumption

33
Q

What are the major beliefs of Christianity?

A

Virgin birth, resurrection from death, ascendance into heaven

34
Q

What are the variations of Christianity?

A

Catholic

Protestant

35
Q

What are the major differences between Catholics and Protestants?

A

Catholics lean towards the saints and the writings of the saints and they put emphasis on the Virgin Mary

36
Q

What are the major holidays of Christianity?

A

Easter, Christmas, Ash Wednesday, lent

37
Q

What is the major food practice of Christianity?

A

Bread and wine for communion

38
Q

Who was Islam founded by?

A

Prophet Muhammad

39
Q

Who is the prominent god in Islam?

A

Allah

40
Q

What are the 5 pillars in Islam?

A
  1. Creed
  2. Prayers
  3. Fasting
  4. Purifying tax
  5. Pilgrimage to Mecca
41
Q

Why is Mecca important in the Islam religion?

A

It is where the Prophet Muhammad was born

42
Q

Why is Medina important in the Islam religion?

A

When Muhammad was exiled from Mecca, he relocated to Medina

43
Q

What is a major holiday of Islam?

A

Ramadan: 30 day fasting period

44
Q

What is a food practice of Islam?

A

Halal: do not eat pork, not permitted to eat any form of blood, no alcohol

45
Q

What are 7th Day Adventists?

A

“Christians”, but they do not eat animal products, they are vegetarians

Culture And Cuisine 1 (4 decks)

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