Chapter 29

Question 1

A strong polymer embedded in the cellulose matrix of the secondary cell walls of vascular plants that provides structural support in terrestrial species.

Answer 1

lignin

Question 2

Plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body.

Answer 2

vascular tissue

Question 3

The technical term for a cluster of sporophylls known commonly as a cone, found in most gymnosperms and some seedless vascular plants.

Answer 3

strobilus

Question 4

Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and buds of shoots. The dividing cells of an apical meristem enable the plant to grow in length.

Answer 4

apical meristem

Question 5

The mature gamete-producing structure of a moss gametophyte.

Answer 5

gametophore

Question 6

Vascular plant tissue consisting of living cells arranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant.

Answer 6

phloem

Question 7

A small, herbaceous, nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum Bryophyta.

Answer 7

moss

Question 8

A durable polymer that covers exposed zygotes of charophyte algae and forms the walls of plant spores, preventing them from drying out.

Answer 8

sporopollenin

Question 9

An informal name for a member of the phylum Lycophyta, which includes club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts.

Answer 9

lycophyte

Question 10

A spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a female gametophyte.

Answer 10

megaspore

Question 11

A long, tubular single cell or filament of cells that anchors bryophytes to the ground. Unlike roots, rhizoids are not composed of tissues, lack specialized conducting cells, and do not play a primary role in water and mineral absorption.

Answer 11

rhizoid

Question 12

The main photosynthetic organ of vascular plants.

Answer 12

leaf

Question 13

An informal name for a moss, liverwort, or hornwort; a nonvascular plant that lives on land but lacks some of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular plants.

Answer 13

bryophyte

Question 14

A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant.

Answer 14

stoma

Question 15

Extensive deposits of partially decayed organic material often formed primarily from the wetland moss Sphagnum.

Answer 15

peat

Question 16

A plant with vascular tissue. Vascular plants include all living plant species except liverworts, mosses, and hornworts.

Answer 16

vascular plant

Question 17

A modified leaf that bears sporangia and hence is specialized for reproduction.

Answer 17

sporophyll

Question 18

Referring to a plant species that has two kinds of spores: microspores, which develop into male gametophytes, and megaspores, which develop into female gametophytes.

Answer 18

heterosporous

Question 19

A flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary.

Answer 19

angiosperm

Question 20

An adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a protective coat.

Answer 20

seed

Question 21

A leaf with a highly branched vascular system, characteristic of the vast majority of vascular plants. See also microphyll.

Answer 21

megaphyll

Question 22

A vascular plant that bears naked seeds—seeds not enclosed in protective chambers.

Answer 22

gymnosperm

Question 23

In lycophytes, a small leaf with a single unbranched vein. See also megaphyll.

Answer 23

microphyll

Question 24

A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants and some algae.

Answer 24

alternation of generations

Question 25

A small, herbaceous, nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum Hepatophyta.

Answer 25

liverwort

Question 26

An informal name for a plant that has vascular tissue but lacks seeds. Seedless vascular plants form a paraphyletic group that includes the phyla Lycophyta (club mosses and their relatives) and Monilophyta (ferns and their relatives).

Answer 26

seedless vascular plant

Question 27

A mass of green, branched, one-cell-thick filaments produced by germinating moss spores.

Answer 27

protonema

Question 28

A small, herbaceous, nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum Anthocerophyta.

Answer 28

hornwart

Question 29

In organisms (plants and some algae) that have alternation of generations, the multicellular diploid form that results from the union of gametes. The sporophyte produces haploid spores by meiosis that develop into gametophytes.

Answer 29

sporophyte

Question 30

A ring of interlocking, tooth-like structures on the upper part of a moss capsule (sporangium), often specialized for gradual spore discharge.

Answer 30

peristome

Question 31

An organ in vascular plants that anchors the plant and enables it to absorb water and minerals from the soil.

Answer 31

root

Question 32

An informal name for a member of the phylum Monilophyta, which includes ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns and their relatives.

Answer 32

monilophyte

Question 33

In organisms (plants and some algae) that have alternation of generations, the multicellular haploid form that produces haploid gametes by mitosis. The haploid gametes unite and develop into sporophytes.

Answer 33

gametophyte

Question 34

Alternate name for land plants that refers to their shared derived trait of multicellular, dependent embryos.

Answer 34

embryophyte

Question 35

Referring to a plant species that has a single kind of spore, which typically develops into a bisexual gametophyte.

Answer 35

homosporous

Question 36

A cluster of sporangia on a fern sporophyll. Sori may be arranged in various patterns, such as parallel lines or dots, which are useful in fern identification.

Answer 36

sorus

Question 37

Multicellular plant structure in which gametes are formed. Female gametangia are called archegonia, and male gametangia are called antheridia.

Answer 37

gametangium

Question 38

The elongated stalk of a bryophyte sporophyte.

Answer 38

seta

Question 39

A long, tapered water-conducting cell found in the xylem of nearly all vascular plants. Functioning tracheids are no longer living.

Answer 39

tracheid

Question 40

In plants, the male gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop.

Answer 40

antheridium

Question 41

Vascular plant tissue consisting mainly of tubular dead cells that conduct most of the water and minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Answer 41

xylem

Question 42

A spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a male gametophyte.

Answer 42

microspore

Question 43

In an angiosperm, the terminal pollen sac of a stamen, where pollen grains containing sperm-producing male gametophytes form.

Answer 43

anther

Question 44

In plants, the female gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop.

Answer 44

archegonium