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Chapter 29 Flashcards

1
Q

a round, three-dimensional object, the surface of which is the same distance from the center in all directions is a called a what?

A

sphere

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2
Q

an elongated, closed curve with two foci is called a what?

A

ellipse

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3
Q

is earth a perfect sphere?

A

no, the diameter is further longways than pole to pole

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4
Q

what are some ancient observations that prove earth is a sphere?

A

objects always fall straight to the surface, the earth’s shadow of a lunar eclipse is curved, and if earth were flat, everyone would be able to see the same stars

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5
Q

what are two factors that gravitaitonal strength?

A

mass and distance

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6
Q

what does the magnetic field protect earth from?

A

harmful radiation from the sun

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7
Q

which hemisphere is the megnetic field located in?

A

its in the northern hemisphere

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8
Q

at which degrees does earth’s axis tilt?

A

11.7 degrees

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9
Q

can magnetic poles change?

A

yes

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10
Q

what is a large scale movement where the magentic poles switch?

A

magnetic reversals

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11
Q

how often do magnetic reversals occur?

A

every 200,000 years

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12
Q

which part of earths magnetic field deflects harmful radiation from the sun?

A

the magnetosphere

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13
Q

what are the two scientific names for the northern and the southern lights?

A

aurora borealis (northern lights) aurora australis (southern lights)

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14
Q

how are the auroras created?

A

electrically charged particles collide with atoms in the atmosphere and emit light

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15
Q

when is earth closest to the sun?

A

early january-147 million km away

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16
Q

when is earth farthest away from the sun?

A

early july-152 million km away

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17
Q

an area 15 degrees wide in which time is the same is a what?

A

time zone

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18
Q

the spinning of earth on its axis is called what?

A

rotation

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19
Q

what is the motion of earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun called?

A

revolution

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20
Q

the plane of earth’s orbit around the sun is called what?

A

an eliptic

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21
Q

what occurs when earth’s rotational axis is tilted directly toward the sun or away from the sun?

A

a solstice

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22
Q

what happens when earth’s rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of earth to the center of the sun?

A

an eqiunox

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23
Q

who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 b.c?

A

the babylonians

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24
Q

what was the sybmbol for degree taken from?

A

the babylonians symbol for the sun

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25
how many degrees does the earth spin in one day?
360 degrees
26
how many hours does it take the earth to make one full rotation?
23 hours 56 minutes and 4 seconds
27
how many degrees does the earth spin in one hour?
15 degrees
28
what direction does the sun rise?
in the east
29
what direction does the sun set?
in the west
30
true or false, all time zones are the exact same size?
false, they are modified to fit ariund cities, states, country borders, and other key sites
31
how many times zones are there in the world?
24
32
which direction do you move to add hours to the time?
east
33
which direction do you move to subtract hours from the time?
west
34
how many time zones are there in the united states?
six
35
what are the names of the time zones?
atlantic (alaskan), pacific, mountain, eastern, hawaiian, and central
36
what is a solar day?
the movement of the sun of one noon of one day to the next noon the next day
37
what is a sidereal day?
a star being there one day, and it being in the same spot the same time the next day
38
what are the two main reasons for seasons?
revolution and the tilt of the axis of earth
39
which two seasons have a solstice?
summer and winter
40
which month is the summer solstice?
june 21
41
which month has the winter solstice?
december 21
42
which two seasons are equinoxes?
spring and fall
43
which month is the spring equinox?
march 20 or 21
44
which month is the fall equinox?
september 22 or 23
45
when is the longest day of the year?
june 21
46
when is the shortest day of the year?
december 21
47
when are the days almost 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night?
the equinoxes
48
a rise or fall in the ocean surface is a what?
a tide
49
a what reflects the change in appearance of the moon as seen from earth?
a moon phase
50
what occurs when the moon moves directly between the sun and earth and casts a shadow on earth?
a solar eclipse
51
what occurs when earth passes between the sun and the moon and casts a shadow on the moon?
a lunar eclipse
52
what are dark-colored, flat, lava filled regions on the moon's surface called?
maria
53
a layer of dusty lunar material produced by colliions between asteroids and comets and the moon are called what?
regolith
54
how many days does it take the moon to revolve around earth?
27.3 days
55
a complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 days, what is this called?
a synodic month
56
do we ever see the back side of the moon?
no
57
what causes a tide to rise or fall?
the gravitaional pull of the sun and moon
58
what is the rise of sea level called?
a high tide
59
after the sea level rises how many hours does it take for the sea level to drop?
about six hours
60
which is farther from earth? the sun or the moon?
the sun
61
does the moon or the sun cause a greater effect on earth's tides?
the moon
62
how are the sun, the earth, and the moon aligned for a spring tide?
in a straight line, sun earth moon
63
how are the sun, the earth, and the moon, aligned for a neap tide?
it goes over and up, sun, earth, moon
64
what does the phase of the moon you see depend on?
the positions of the moon, the earth, and the sun relative to eachother
65
when does a new moon occur?
when the moon is between the earth and sun
66
how many phases of the moon are there?
eight
67
what is the definition of waxing phases?
the illuminated portion of the moon that we see appears larger each night
68
what is the definition of waning phases?
the illuminated portion of the moon becomes smaller each night
69
what are the moon phase names?
new, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, third quarter, and waning crescent
70
where is the word month derived from?
the word moon
71
how is the earth, moon, and sun aligned during a solar eclipse?
the moon is between the sun and the earth; sun, moon, earth
72
what is an umbra?
the darkest portion of the moon's shadow
73
what is a penumbra?
the lighest part of the moon's shadow
74
how is the earth, moon, and sun aligned during a lunar eclipse?
the earth is between the sun and the moon; moon, earth, sun
75
how are the depressions on the moon formed?
asteroids, meteorites, and comets collide with moon's surface
76
are there mountains on the moon?
yes
77
which side of the moon is thicker?
the far side
78
is the mantle of the moon a solid or a liquid?
a solid
79
what did the clementime spacecfract do? ( two things)
it confirmed the thickness of the moon's crust, and also provided information of the mineral content of the moon's rocks
80
what did the lunar prospector do? (three things)
it took photos of moon's surface, confirmed that the moon has a small iron-rich core, and collected evidence that supports the presence of water-ice on the moon
81
what is the giant impact theory?
a mars-sized object hit earth, sending debris out into orbit, the debris collected and compacted, making the moon

Physical Science (6 decks)

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