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Physical Science > Chapter 29 > Flashcards

Chapter 29 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a round, three-dimensional object, the surface of which is the same distance from the center in all directions is a called a what?

A

sphere

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2
Q

an elongated, closed curve with two foci is called a what?

A

ellipse

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3
Q

is earth a perfect sphere?

A

no, the diameter is further longways than pole to pole

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4
Q

what are some ancient observations that prove earth is a sphere?

A

objects always fall straight to the surface, the earth’s shadow of a lunar eclipse is curved, and if earth were flat, everyone would be able to see the same stars

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5
Q

what are two factors that gravitaitonal strength?

A

mass and distance

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6
Q

what does the magnetic field protect earth from?

A

harmful radiation from the sun

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7
Q

which hemisphere is the megnetic field located in?

A

its in the northern hemisphere

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8
Q

at which degrees does earth’s axis tilt?

A

11.7 degrees

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9
Q

can magnetic poles change?

A

yes

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10
Q

what is a large scale movement where the magentic poles switch?

A

magnetic reversals

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11
Q

how often do magnetic reversals occur?

A

every 200,000 years

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12
Q

which part of earths magnetic field deflects harmful radiation from the sun?

A

the magnetosphere

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13
Q

what are the two scientific names for the northern and the southern lights?

A

aurora borealis (northern lights) aurora australis (southern lights)

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14
Q

how are the auroras created?

A

electrically charged particles collide with atoms in the atmosphere and emit light

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15
Q

when is earth closest to the sun?

A

early january-147 million km away

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16
Q

when is earth farthest away from the sun?

A

early july-152 million km away

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17
Q

an area 15 degrees wide in which time is the same is a what?

A

time zone

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18
Q

the spinning of earth on its axis is called what?

A

rotation

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19
Q

what is the motion of earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun called?

A

revolution

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20
Q

the plane of earth’s orbit around the sun is called what?

A

an eliptic

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21
Q

what occurs when earth’s rotational axis is tilted directly toward the sun or away from the sun?

A

a solstice

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22
Q

what happens when earth’s rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of earth to the center of the sun?

A

an eqiunox

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23
Q

who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 b.c?

A

the babylonians

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24
Q

what was the sybmbol for degree taken from?

A

the babylonians symbol for the sun

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25
Q

how many degrees does the earth spin in one day?

A

360 degrees

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26
Q

how many hours does it take the earth to make one full rotation?

A

23 hours 56 minutes and 4 seconds

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27
Q

how many degrees does the earth spin in one hour?

A

15 degrees

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28
Q

what direction does the sun rise?

A

in the east

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29
Q

what direction does the sun set?

A

in the west

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30
Q

true or false, all time zones are the exact same size?

A

false, they are modified to fit ariund cities, states, country borders, and other key sites

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31
Q

how many times zones are there in the world?

A

24

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32
Q

which direction do you move to add hours to the time?

A

east

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33
Q

which direction do you move to subtract hours from the time?

A

west

34
Q

how many time zones are there in the united states?

A

six

35
Q

what are the names of the time zones?

A

atlantic (alaskan), pacific, mountain, eastern, hawaiian, and central

36
Q

what is a solar day?

A

the movement of the sun of one noon of one day to the next noon the next day

37
Q

what is a sidereal day?

A

a star being there one day, and it being in the same spot the same time the next day

38
Q

what are the two main reasons for seasons?

A

revolution and the tilt of the axis of earth

39
Q

which two seasons have a solstice?

A

summer and winter

40
Q

which month is the summer solstice?

A

june 21

41
Q

which month has the winter solstice?

A

december 21

42
Q

which two seasons are equinoxes?

A

spring and fall

43
Q

which month is the spring equinox?

A

march 20 or 21

44
Q

which month is the fall equinox?

A

september 22 or 23

45
Q

when is the longest day of the year?

A

june 21

46
Q

when is the shortest day of the year?

A

december 21

47
Q

when are the days almost 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night?

A

the equinoxes

48
Q

a rise or fall in the ocean surface is a what?

A

a tide

49
Q

a what reflects the change in appearance of the moon as seen from earth?

A

a moon phase

50
Q

what occurs when the moon moves directly between the sun and earth and casts a shadow on earth?

A

a solar eclipse

51
Q

what occurs when earth passes between the sun and the moon and casts a shadow on the moon?

A

a lunar eclipse

52
Q

what are dark-colored, flat, lava filled regions on the moon’s surface called?

A

maria

53
Q

a layer of dusty lunar material produced by colliions between asteroids and comets and the moon are called what?

A

regolith

54
Q

how many days does it take the moon to revolve around earth?

A

27.3 days

55
Q

a complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 days, what is this called?

A

a synodic month

56
Q

do we ever see the back side of the moon?

A

no

57
Q

what causes a tide to rise or fall?

A

the gravitaional pull of the sun and moon

58
Q

what is the rise of sea level called?

A

a high tide

59
Q

after the sea level rises how many hours does it take for the sea level to drop?

A

about six hours

60
Q

which is farther from earth? the sun or the moon?

A

the sun

61
Q

does the moon or the sun cause a greater effect on earth’s tides?

A

the moon

62
Q

how are the sun, the earth, and the moon aligned for a spring tide?

A

in a straight line, sun earth moon

63
Q

how are the sun, the earth, and the moon, aligned for a neap tide?

A

it goes over and up, sun, earth, moon

64
Q

what does the phase of the moon you see depend on?

A

the positions of the moon, the earth, and the sun relative to eachother

65
Q

when does a new moon occur?

A

when the moon is between the earth and sun

66
Q

how many phases of the moon are there?

A

eight

67
Q

what is the definition of waxing phases?

A

the illuminated portion of the moon that we see appears larger each night

68
Q

what is the definition of waning phases?

A

the illuminated portion of the moon becomes smaller each night

69
Q

what are the moon phase names?

A

new, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, third quarter, and waning crescent

70
Q

where is the word month derived from?

A

the word moon

71
Q

how is the earth, moon, and sun aligned during a solar eclipse?

A

the moon is between the sun and the earth; sun, moon, earth

72
Q

what is an umbra?

A

the darkest portion of the moon’s shadow

73
Q

what is a penumbra?

A

the lighest part of the moon’s shadow

74
Q

how is the earth, moon, and sun aligned during a lunar eclipse?

A

the earth is between the sun and the moon; moon, earth, sun

75
Q

how are the depressions on the moon formed?

A

asteroids, meteorites, and comets collide with moon’s surface

76
Q

are there mountains on the moon?

A

yes

77
Q

which side of the moon is thicker?

A

the far side

78
Q

is the mantle of the moon a solid or a liquid?

A

a solid

79
Q

what did the clementime spacecfract do? ( two things)

A

it confirmed the thickness of the moon’s crust, and also provided information of the mineral content of the moon’s rocks

80
Q

what did the lunar prospector do? (three things)

A

it took photos of moon’s surface, confirmed that the moon has a small iron-rich core, and collected evidence that supports the presence of water-ice on the moon

81
Q

what is the giant impact theory?

A

a mars-sized object hit earth, sending debris out into orbit, the debris collected and compacted, making the moon

Physical Science (6 decks)

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