Chapter 26 Phylogeny Flashcards
Monophyly
consists of an ancestral species and all of its descendants
Paraphyly
consists of an ancestral species and some of its descendants
Polyphyly
includes distantly related species but does not include their most recent common ancestor
Shared Derived Characters
an evolutionary novelty unique to a clade
Shared Ancestral Characters
a character that originated in an ancestor of the taxon
Convergent Evolution
the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods in time
Homology
phenotypic and genetic similarity due to shared ancestry
Linnean Classification System
a biological classification system: Did King Phillip Come Over For Great Spaghetti?
What are branch points?
The branch points represent a common ancestor or a speciation event
What are “leaves”?
The “leaves” represent existing species or descendants
What is a sister group?
Groups of organisms that share an immediate common ancestor that is not shared by any other group
What is an outgroup?
The species that possesses none of the derived characters found in the other organisms being considered but is still relatively similar to the ingroup
