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Hematology > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the etiology of the lipid storage diseases?
A) Caused by various enzyme defects (inborn errors) in lipid metabolism
B) Alteration to the multipotential stem cell
C) Red cell membrane defect
D) Hemoglobin defect
E) None of the above

A

A) Caused by various enzyme defects (inborn errors) in lipid metabolism

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2
Q 
Which of the following lipid storage diseases has increased incidence in the Jewish ethnic
group?
A) Gaucher's
B) Tay–Sachs
C) Niemann–Pick
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
A

D) All of the above

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3
Q

The aim of control in the lipid storage diseases is directed at:
A) Controlling anemia
B) Prenatal detection
C) Correcting bone malformation
D) Dietary nutrition to lower cholesterol
E) Hyperlipidemia

A

B) Prenatal detection

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4
Q 
Gaucher's disease is due to a deficiency of the enzyme \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) Sphingomyelinase
B) Hexosaminidase A
C) Beta-Glucocerebrosidase
D) Sulfaminidase
E) None of the above
A

C) Beta-Glucocerebrosidase

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5
Q 
What substance is present in excess in Gaucher cells?
A) Metabolized glucocerebroside
B) Unmetabolized glucocerebroside
C) Metabolized hexosaminidase
D) Unmetabolized hexosaminidase
E) None of the above
A

B) Unmetabolized glucocerebroside

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6
Q 
Type I Gaucher's disease comprises the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ form.
A) Adult or non-neuronopathic
B) Infantile acute neuronopathic
C) Infantile malignant neuronopathic
D) Juvenile neuronopathic
E) None of the above
A

A) Adult or non-neuronopathic

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7
Q 
Type II Gaucher's disease comprises the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ form.
A) Adult or non-neuronopathic
B) Infantile acute neuronopathic
C) Juvenile neuronopathic
D) Subacute neuronopathic
E) None of the above
A

B) Infantile acute neuronopathic

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8
Q 
Type III Gaucher's disease comprises the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ form.
A) Adult
B) Non-neuronopathic
C) Acute neuronopathic
D) Subacute neuronopathic
E) None of the above
A

D) Subacute neuronopathic

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9
Q 
All of the following are characteristic of the three types of Gaucher's disease except:
A) Hepatosplenomegaly
B) Gaucher cells present in bone marrow
C) Increased serum acid phosphatase
D) Hypercalcemia
E) None of the above
A

D) Hypercalcemia

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10
Q 
What is the most common type of Gaucher's disease?
A) Adult
B) Infantile
C) Juvenile
D) Subacute
E) None of the above
A

A) Adult

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11
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of type II Gaucher’s disease:
A) Occurs in infancy
B) Neurologic involvement
C) Hepatosplenomegaly
D) A much rarer form of Gaucher’s disease
E) All of the above

A

E) All of the above

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12
Q 
Which sites are most frequently examined in patients with Gaucher's disease?
A) Peripheral blood
B) Bone marrow
C) Spleen
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
A

D) All of the above

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13
Q

Which of the following are hematologic findings in Gaucher’s disease?
A) Normocytic normochromic anemia
B) Decreased iron in erythroid precursors
C) Leukopenia
D) Thrombocytopenia
E) All of the above

A

E) All of the above

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14
Q

What are the morphologic characteristics of a Gaucher cell?
A) 20–100 µm in diameter
B) A round to oval nuclei
C) Cytoplasm faintly blue
D) Cytoplasm has a “crumpled tissue paper” appearance
E) All of the above

A

E) All of the above

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15
Q 
Gaucher cells are which type of cells?
A) Megakaryocytes
B) Erythrocytes
C) Histiocytes
D) Macrophages
E) None of the above
A

C) Histiocytes

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16
Q 
One factor that distinguishes true Gaucher cells from pseudo-Gaucher cells is:
A) Cell size
B) Morphological characteristic
C) Beta-Glucocerebrosidase deficiency
D) Acid phosphatase level
E) None of the above
A

C) Beta-Glucocerebrosidase deficiency

17
Q 
Which type of Gaucher's disease has the longest survival rate?
A) Adult
B) Infantile
C) Juvenile
D) Subacute
E) None of the above
A

A) Adult

18
Q 
Niemann–Pick disease is caused by a deficiency of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) Sulfaminidase
B) Beta-Glucuronidase
C) beta-Glucocerebrosidase
D) Sphingomyelinase
E) Hexosaminidase A
A

D) Sphingomyelinase

19
Q 
In Niemann–Pick disease there is an accumulation of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in histiocytes as well as
cholesterol.
A) Unmetabolized triglycerides
B) Metabolized triglycerides
C) Unmetabolized lipid sphingomyelin
D) Metabolized chylomicrons
E) None of the above
A

C) Unmetabolized lipid sphingomyelin

20
Q 
What is the most common form of Niemann–Pick disease?
A) Adult
B) Infantile
C) Adolescent
D) Juvenile
E) None of the above
A

B) Infantile

21
Q

All of the following are morphological characteristics of the histiocytes found in Niemann–
Pick disease except:
A) 20–90 µm in diameter
B) Inconspicuous nucleus
C) Light blue cytoplasm with Wright’s stain
D) Myeloperoxidase positive
E) Sudan Black B positive

A

D) Myeloperoxidase positive

22
Q 
The presence of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ may be seen with Niemann–Pick cells in the bone marrow of
some adult patients.
A) Sea-blue histiocytes
B) Mast cells
C) Macrophages
D) Osteoclasts
E) None of the above
A

A) Sea-blue histiocytes

23
Q

Which is significant regarding the appearance of lymphocytes and monocytes in the
peripheral blood of a person with Niemann–Pick disease?
A) Dark blue nucleus
B) Vacuolated cells
C) Blue-gray cytoplasm
D) Nucleoli present
E) None of the above

A

B) Vacuolated cells

24
Q 
Tay–Sachs disease is caused by a deficiency of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ with an increase of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) Hexosaminidase A/sphingomyelinase
B) Hexosaminidase B/lipase
C) B-Glucocerebrosidase/sulfaminidase
D) Hexosaminidase B/hexosaminidase A
E) Hexosaminidase A/hexosaminidase B
A

E) Hexosaminidase A/hexosaminidase B

25
Q

In Tay–Sachs disease, there is an accumulation of unmetabolized __________, which has
devastating effects on the central nervous system and eyes.
A) GM2 ganglioside
B) Sphingomyelin
C) Glucocerebroside
D) Hexosaminidase A
E) Hexosaminidase B

A

A) GM2 ganglioside

26
Q 
The major site of pathology in Tay–Sachs disease is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) Spleen
B) Central nervous system
C) Lymph nodes
D) Bone marrow
E) Liver
A

B) Central nervous system

27
Q

In Tay–Sachs disease, the number and size of vacuoles present in __________ in the
peripheral blood is related to the duration of disease.
A) Myelocytes
B) Lymphocytes
C) Monocytes
D) Megakaryocytes
E) None of the above

A

B) Lymphocytes

28
Q 
The mucopolysaccharidoses are characterized by accumulations of unmetabolized
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ within lysosomes.
A) Sphingomyelin
B) Sphingolipids
C) Mucopolysaccharides
D) Hexosaminidase A
E) None of the above
A

C) Mucopolysaccharides

29
Q 
29. Which organ(s) is/are affected by products of the mucopolysaccharidoses?
A) Spleen
B) Bone marrow
C) Liver
D) Lymph nodes
E) All of the above
A

E) All of the above

30
Q

In this mucopolysaccharidosis, individuals are abnormally short and have a “gargoyle”
appearance with coarse facial features. Patients are mentally retarded, and the heart is
damaged due to accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in the blood vessels.
Hepatosplenomegaly is present.
A) Hunter’s syndrome
B) Hurler’s syndrome
C) Sanfilippo’s syndrome
D) Scheie’s syndrome
E) None of the above

A

B) Hurler’s syndrome

31
Q

Nonmetabolized products of mucopolysaccharides may be detected in the __________ of
patients with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS).
A) Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
B) Synovial fluid
C) Urine
D) Gastric juice
E) None of the above

A

C) Urine

32
Q 
In some patients with mucopolysaccharidoses, leukocytes such as lymphocytes and
polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) contain abnormally large granules. These large
granules are called:
A) Alder–Reilly bodies
B) Howell–Jolly bodies
C) Döhle bodies
D) Chédiak–Higashi anomaly
E) May–Hegglin anomaly
A

A) Alder–Reilly bodies

33
Q 
Which stain is used to aid in confirmation of Alder–Reilly bodies?
A) Wright's stain
B) New methylene blue
C) Giemsa stain
D) Toluidine blue
E) Prussian blue
A

D) Toluidine blue

34
Q 
Clinical manifestations of sea-blue histocyte syndrome include all of the following except:
A) Splenomegaly
B) Hepatomegaly
C) Thrombocytopenia
D) Epistaxis
E) Enlarged lymph nodes
A

E) Enlarged lymph nodes

35
Q 
Histiocytes produced in sea-blue histiocyte syndrome will stain positive with all the
following except:
A) Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS)
B) Toluidine blue
C) Sudan Black B
D) Acid fast
E) None of the above
A

B) Toluidine blue

36
Q

The mature histiocytes present in eosinophilic granuloma, Hand–Schüller–Christian disease,
and Letterer–Siwe disease are called __________.
A) Eosinophils
B) Langerhans’ cells
C) Plasma cells
D) Lymphocytes
E) Giant cells

A

B) Langerhans’ cells

37
Q

Which of the following is/are general characteristic(s) of sea-blue histiocytosis?
A) Striking blue histiocytes with Wright’s stain
B) Splenomegaly
C) Hepatomegaly
D) Thrombocytopenia
E) All of the above

A

E) All of the above

Hematology (16 decks)

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