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A Brief History Of Nearly Everything > Chapter 22: Goodbye To All That > Flashcards

Chapter 22: Goodbye To All That Flashcards

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1
Q

What event caused the extinction of the dinosaurs?

A

The impact of an asteroid

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2
Q

Approximately how long ago did the asteroid impact that caused the dinosaur extinction occur?

A

65 million years ago

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3
Q

What is the name of the crater in Mexico that is believed to have been formed by the asteroid impact that led to the extinction of the dinosaurs?

A

Chicxulub crater

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4
Q

What type of rock layer marks the boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods and is associated with the dinosaur extinction event?

A

K-T boundary

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5
Q

What is the name of the scientist who first proposed the theory that an asteroid impact caused the extinction of the dinosaurs?

A

Walter Alvarez

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6
Q

What kind of evidence supports the theory that an asteroid impact caused the dinosaur extinction?

A

Presence of iridium in the K-T boundary layer

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7
Q

What is the approximate diameter of the asteroid that caused the dinosaur extinction?

A

About 6 miles

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8
Q

What effect did the asteroid impact have on the atmosphere?

A

Released huge amounts of dust and debris

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9
Q

What is the term used to describe the period of time following the extinction of the dinosaurs?

A

The Age of Mammals

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10
Q

What group of mammals is believed to have thrived and diversified following the extinction of the dinosaurs?

A

Placental mammals

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11
Q

What was one of the early mammal species that diversified after the dinosaur extinction?

A

Eohippus

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12
Q

What is the name of the scientist who proposed the idea of ‘punctuated equilibrium’ in evolution?

A

Stephen Jay Gould

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13
Q

What is the term used to describe the rapid diversification of life forms following a mass extinction event?

A

Adaptive radiation

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14
Q

What is the name of the period that followed the extinction of the dinosaurs and is characterized by the diversification of mammals?

A

Cenozoic era

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15
Q

What is the name of the epoch within the Cenozoic era that is known for the evolution of humans?

A

Quaternary epoch

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16
Q

What is the term used to describe the process of species adapting to a specific environment over time?

A

Natural selection

17
Q

What is the name of the theory that explains the mechanism of evolution?

A

Theory of evolution by natural selection

18
Q

What is the name of the scientist who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection?

A

Charles Darwin

19
Q

What is the term used to describe the process by which species change over time?

A

Evolution

20
Q

What is the name of the process by which new species arise from existing species?

A

Speciation

21
Q

What is the term used to describe the process of selecting and breeding organisms with desired traits?

A

Artificial selection

22
Q

What is the term used to describe the process of the gradual change of species over time?

A

Gradualism

23
Q

What is the name of the process by which species adapt to their environment through natural selection?

A

Adaptation

24
Q

What is the name of the scientist who developed the theory of evolution through natural selection independently of Charles Darwin?

A

Alfred Russel Wallace

25
Q

What is the term used to describe the process by which species become better suited to their environment over time?

A

Fitness

26
Q

What is the name of the scientist who discovered the process of genetic variation through pea plant experiments?

A

Gregor Mendel

27
Q

What is the term used to describe the process by which genetic traits are passed from one generation to the next?

A

Heredity

28
Q

What is the name of the scientist who proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics?

A

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

A Brief History Of Nearly Everything (3 decks)

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