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Procedures > Chapter 20 - Skull, Facial bones, & sinuses > Flashcards

Chapter 20 - Skull, Facial bones, & sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones is the skull composed of?

A

22 bones

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2
Q

What 2 distinct groups are the bones of the skull divided into?

A

Cranial & facial

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3
Q

How many cranial bones are there?

A

There are 8 cranial bones

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4
Q

How many facial bones are there?

A

There are 14 facial bones

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5
Q

What two categories are the cranial bones divided into?

A

The calvaria & floor

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6
Q

What bones are listed in the calvaria?

A

Frontal (1), occipital (1), parietal (2)

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7
Q

What bones are listed in the floor?

A

Ethmoid (1), Sphenoid (1), Temporal (2)

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8
Q

What are the functions of the cranial bones?

A

Form a protective housing for the brain

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9
Q

What are the functions of the facial bones?

A

Provide structure, shape, and support for the face, & form a protective housing for the upper ends of the respiratory and digestive tracts

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10
Q

What are the 14 facial bones?

A

Nasal (2), Lacrimal (2), Maxillary (2), Zygomatic (2), Palatine (2), Inferior nasal conchae (2), vomer (1), mandible (1)

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11
Q

What are the bones of the cranium and face joined by?

A

Fibrous joints called sutures

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12
Q

Name the 4 sutures

A
  1. coronal
  2. sagittal
  3. squamosal
  4. lambdoidal
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13
Q

Where is the coronal suture found?

A

Between the frontal and parietal bones

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14
Q

Where is the sagittal suture found?

A

It is located on the top of the head between the two parietal bones and just behind the coronal suture line

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15
Q

What is the name of the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures?

A

bregma

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16
Q

Where is the squamosal suture found?

A

Between the temporal bones and the parietal bones

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17
Q

Where is the lambdoidal suture found?

A

Between the occipital bone and parietal bones

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18
Q

What is the name of the junction of the lambdoidal and sagittal sutures?

A

The lambda

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19
Q

What forms the pterion?

A

On the lateral aspect of the skull, the junction of the parietal bone, squamosal suture, and the greater wing of the sphenoid

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20
Q

What forms the asterion?

A

The junction of the occipital bone, parietal bone, and mastoid portion of the temporal bone

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21
Q

What is the name of the six areas of incomplete ossification in newborns?

A

Fontanels

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22
Q

Where is the anterior fontanel located?

A

At the junction of the two parietal bones and the one frontal bone at the bregma

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23
Q

Where is the posterior fontanel located?

A

posteriorly and in the midsagittal plane at the lambda

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24
Q

Where are the two sphenoidal fontanels located?

A

At the site of the pterion

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25
Q

Where are the two mastoid fontanels located?

A

At the site of the asteria

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26
Q

When do the posterior and sphenoidal fontanels normally close?

A

In the 1st and 3rd months after birth

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27
Q

When do the anterior and mastoid fontanels close?

A

During the 2nd year of life

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28
Q

At what years does the cranium develop rapidly in size and density?

A

During the first 5 or 6 years

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29
Q

How many regions is the cranial floor divided into?

A

3

The anterior, middle, & posterior cranial fossa

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30
Q

Where is the anterior cranial fossa?

A

It extends from the anterior frontal bone to the lesser wings of the sphenoid. It is associated mainly with the frontal lobes of the cerebrum

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31
Q

Where is the middle cranial fossa?

A

It accommodates the temporal lobes and associated neurovascular structures and extends from the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone to the apices of petrous portions of the temporal bones

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32
Q

What is the name of the deep depression posterior to the petrous ridge & what it its function?

A

It is called the posterior cranial fossa & it protects the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata

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33
Q

What is the shape of the average or so-called normal cranium?

A

It is more or less oval in shape, wider in back than in front

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34
Q

What are the measurements of the average cranium?

A

The average cranium measures approx. 6 inches at its widest point from side to side, 7 inches at its longest point from front to back, and 9 inches at its deepest point from vertex to submental region

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35
Q

What is the vertical portion of the frontal bone called?

A

The frontal squama

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36
Q

What does the frontal squama form?

A

The forehead and the anterior part of the vault

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37
Q

What do the horizontal portions of the frontal bone form?

A

The orbital plates, part of the roof of the nasal cavity, and the greater part of the anterior cranial fossa

38
Q

What is on each side of the midsagittal plane of the superior portion of the sqauama and is elevated?

A

The frontal eminence

39
Q

What is below the frontal eminences, just above the supraorbital margins?

A

The superciliary arches

40
Q

What is the name of the opening for nerves and blood vessels called that is located in the center of the supraorbital margin?

A

Supraorbital foramen

41
Q

What is the name of the smooth elevation between the superciliary arches?

A

glabella

42
Q

Where are the frontal sinuses situated?

A

Between the two tables of squama on each side of the midsagittal plane

43
Q

Where does the squama articulate with the parietal bones?

A

At the coronal suture, the greater wing of the sphenoid bone at the frontosphenoidal suture, and the nasal bones at the frontonasal suture

44
Q

What is the midpoint of the frontonasal suture termed?

A

The nasion

45
Q

What does the frontal bone articulate with

A

The right and left parietals, the sphenoid, and the ehtmoid bones of the cranium

46
Q

What are the orbital planes of the horizontal portion of the frontal separated by?

A

The ethmoidal notch

47
Q

What does the ethmoidal notch receive?

A

The cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

48
Q

What small projection of bone is at the anterior edge of the ethmoidal notch?

A

The nasal spine

49
Q

What is the superiormost component of the bony nasal septum?

A

The nasal spine

50
Q

What does the ethmoid bone consist of?

A

A horizontal plate, a vertical plate, and two light, spongy lateral masses called labryinths

51
Q

Where is the ethmoid bone situated?

A

Between the orbits

52
Q

What does the ethmoid bone form?

A

The nasal cavity and orbital walls, the anterior cranial fossa, and the bony nasal septum

53
Q

What is the name of the horizontal portion of the ethmoid bone?

A

The cribiform plate

54
Q

What is the cribriform plate perforated by?

A

Many foramina for the transmission of olfactory nerves

55
Q

What is attached to the cribiform plate that projects superiorly from its anterior midline and serves as the anterior attachment for the falx cerebri?

A

crista galli

56
Q

What is the vertical portion of the ethmoid bone called?

A

The perpendicular plate

57
Q

What does the perpendicular plate form?

A

With the nasal spine, it forms the superior portion of the bony septum of the nose

58
Q

What do the labyrinths contain?

A

The ethmoidal sinuses, or air cells

59
Q

What project inferiorly from each medial wall of the labyrinths?

A

Superior and middle nasal conchae

60
Q

What does the ethmoid bone articulate with?

A

The front and sphenoid bones of the cranium

61
Q

What is the name of the prominent bulge on each parietal bone?

A

parietal eminence

62
Q

What does each parietal bone articulate with?

A

The frontal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and opposite parietal bone

63
Q

Where is the sphenoid situated?

A

in the base of the cranium anterior to the temporal bones and basilar part of the occipital bone

64
Q

What does the sphenoid consist of?

A

A body, two lesser wings, two greater wings, and two pterygoid processes

65
Q

What does the body of the sphenoid contain?

A

Two sphenoidal sinuses which are incompletely separated by a median septum

66
Q

What does the stella turcica contain?

A

The pituitary gland

67
Q

Where does the stella turcica lie?

A

In the midsagittal plane of the cranium at a point 3/4 inch anterior and 3/4 inch superior to the level of the EAM.

68
Q

What is the stella turcica bounded by?

A

Anteriorly by the tuberculum sellae and posteriorly by the dorsum sellae which bears the posterior clinoid processes

69
Q

What is the name of the slanted area of bone posterior and inferior to the dorsum sellae and continuous with the basilar portion of the occipital bone?

A

The clivus

70
Q

What does the clivus support?

A

The pons

71
Q

What is on either side of the stella turcica?

A

A groove called the carotid sulcus in which the internal carotid artery and cavernous sinus lie

72
Q

Where does the optic groove extend?

A

Across the anterior portion of the tuberculum sellae

73
Q

Where does the optic groove end?

A

On each side at the optic canal

74
Q

What is the optic canal?

A

The opening into the apex of the orbit for the transmission of the optic nerve and ophthalmic atery aka optic foramen

75
Q

What do the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone form?

A

the posteromedial portion of the roofs of the orbits, the posterior portion of the anterior cranial fossa, the upper margin of the superior orbital fissures, and the optic canals.

76
Q

What do the medial ends of the posterior borders of the lesser wings form?

A

The anterior clinoid processes

77
Q

What do the greater wings of the sphenoid bone form?

A

Part of the middle cranial fossa, the posterolateral walls of the orbits, the lower margin of the superior orbital sulci

78
Q

What is situated in the greater wings?

A

The foramina rotundum, ovale, and spinosum are paired and are situated in the greater wings

79
Q

What does the sphenoid bone articulate with?

A

Each of the other seven bones of the cranium

80
Q

Where is the occipital bone situated?

A

At the posteroinferior part of the cranium

81
Q

What does the occipital bone form?

A

The posterior half of the base of the cranium and the greater part of the posterior cranial fossa

82
Q

What are the four parts of the occipital bone?

A

The squama, two occipital condyles, and the basilar portion

83
Q

What is the name of the large aperature associated with the occipital bone?

A

Formaen magnum

84
Q

What passes through the foramen magnum?

A

The inferior portion of the medulla oblongata as it exits the cranial and joins the spinal cord

85
Q

What is the name of the prominent process on the external surface of the squama on the occipital bone, midway between its summit and the foramen magnum?

A

External occipital protuberance or inion

86
Q

What two parts does the external ear consists of?

A

The Auricle & the EAM

87
Q

The auricle has a deep central depression called what?

A

The concha

88
Q

About how long is the EAM?

A

1 inch long

89
Q

What is the name of the prominent cartilaginous lip on the auricle?

A

The tragus

90
Q

What is the name of the outer rim of the ear?

A

The helix

91
Q

What does the middle ear consist of?

A

The tympanic membrane, the tympanic cavity and three small bones called the auditory ossicles

Procedures (1 decks)

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