Chapter 2 - Language And Culture Flashcards
What is Linguistics?
The scientific study of language, focusing on analytical and structural aspects, including language units, sounds, and the rules governing their combination.
What is Linguistic Anthropology?
The sociocultural study of language, emphasizing the interconnection between language and culture.
What is Structural Linguistics?
A paradigm from the first half of the 20th century until the 1960s that viewed language as consisting of arbitrary signs, based on scientific analysis of language structure and grammar.
What is Americanist Anthropological Linguistics?
The first Americanist paradigm from the 1900s to the 1960s proposed by Franz Boas, focusing on language as a tool for cultural and historical analysis, particularly of Native American languages.
What is the focus of Linguistic Anthropology and Sociolinguistics?
A paradigm from the 1960s to the 1980s that studies language use across speakers and activities, stressing the importance of social context in linguistic anthropology.
What is Social Constructivism in Linguistic Anthropology?
The third paradigm from the 1990s to the present, focusing on the role of language in social encounters and its improvisational and interactional aspects.
What is the future possibility of Cognitive Linguistic Anthropology?
A potential future paradigm influenced by new findings in cognitive science, connecting aspects of previous paradigms.
What is Participant Observation?
The real-life involvement of the researcher in the subjects’ daily life to understand their culture, largely recommended by Franz Boas in the early 1910s.
Who pioneered participant observation?
Bronislaw Malinowski, who applied it in Melanesia and New Guinea during his fieldwork from 1914 to 1920.
What is an Informant in linguistic anthropology?
A native speaker from whom the researcher collects information.
What does Eliciting Data involve?
The process of collecting information from informants.
Define Paradigm. Provide an example.
A paradigm is a set of linguistic items that form mutually exclusive choices in particular syntactic roles. These are typically patterns or models of word forms that illustrate how words change according to tense, mood, aspect, person, number, or case. Ie, him, her, it, etc.
Define pidgin.
A grammatically simplified form of another language.
