Chapter 2

Question 0

Encode and transmit genetic info

Answer 0

Nucleic Acids

Question 1

Provide structural support and act as catalysts for chemical reactions

Answer 1

Proteins

Question 2

Provide a source of energy and make up the cell wall in bacteria, plants, and algae

Answer 2

Carbohydrates

Question 3

Make up cell membranes, store energy, and act as signaling molecules

Answer 3

Lipids

Question 4

Complex molecules made up of repeated simpler units connected by covalent bonds

Answer 4

Polymers

Question 5

Proteins are polymers of?

Answer 5

Amino Acids

Question 6

Nucleic Acids are made of?

Answer 6

Nucleotides

Question 7

Carbohydrates are built from?

Answer 7

Simple sugars

Question 8

Lipid membranes consists of?

Answer 8

Fatty acids

Question 9

Proteins that accelerate the rates of chemical reactions are?

Answer 9

Enzymes

Question 10

Each amino acid consists of?

Answer 10

A central carbon (alpha carbon), carboxyl group (COOH), amino group (NH2), a hydrogen, and an R group (side chain)

Question 11

What kind of bonds link amino acids to form protein?

Answer 11

Peptide bonds

Question 12

DNA and RNA consists of?

Answer 12

Covalently bonded nucleotides

Question 13

Nucleotides are composed of?

Answer 13

A 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogen containing base, and a phosphate group

Question 14

Pyrimidine bases include?

Answer 14

Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Uracil (U)

Question 15

Purine bases include?

Answer 15

Adenine (A) and Guanine (G)

Question 16

Each adjacent pair in DNA and RNA consists of a phosphodiester, what is it?

Answer 16

It forms when the phosphate group of 1 nucleotide connects with a sugar unit of another nucleotide

Question 17

Carbohydrates are composed of?

Answer 17

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 18

Saccharides are…?

Answer 18

Simple carbohydrate sugars

Question 19

One simple sugar is a..? 2 simple sugars linked together are..?

Answer 19

Monosaccharide and disaccharides

Question 20

Long branched chains of monosaccharides are?

Answer 20

Complex carbohydrates

Question 21

Monosaccharides with an aldehyde group (HC=O) are? A keyone group (C=O)?

Answer 21

Aldoses and Ketoses

Question 22

Monosaccharides are attached by covalent bonds called?

Answer 22

Glycosidic bonds

Question 23

Glycosidic bonds require the loss of? What is the bond between?

Answer 23

A water molecule. Carbon 1 of the monosaccharide and a hydroxyl group

Question 24

Triacylglycerol is?

Answer 24

A lipid used for energy storage

Question 25

What are saturated fatty acids?

Answer 25

Fatty acids that don’t contain double bonds

Question 26

What are unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 26

Fatty acids with carbon-carbon double bonds

Question 27

What are van der waals forces?

Answer 27

The interactions between polarized molecules weakly bound to one another because of the attraction of opposite charges

Question 28

Steroids are a type of? How many carbon atoms does it have?

Answer 28

Lipid. 20 carbon atoms

Question 29

Phospholipids are a type of? It is composed of glycerol with ___ fatty acids attached

Answer 29

Lipid. 2

Question 30

Triaclyglycerol is composed of glycerol with __ fatty acids attached

Answer 30

3

Question 31

Phospholipid structure?

Answer 31

Polar head (hydrophilic) with 2 fatty acid tails (hydrophobic)

Question 32

Phospholipid bilayer structure?

Answer 32

2 layers with hydrophobic tails inside. The hydrophilic heads are on the outside