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A&P II > Chapter 19 respiratory with images > Flashcards

Chapter 19 respiratory with images Flashcards

1
Q

plasma

A

liquid portion of blood

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2
Q

formed elements

A

cells/cell fragments suspended in plasma

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3
Q

base

A

Blood is a(n) ____. (7.35-7.45 pH)

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4
Q

7.35-7.45

A

pH level of blood.

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5
Q

acidosis

A

blood pH level of less than 7.35

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6
Q

cell saver

A

blood from your body lost in surgery is put back in you afterwards

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7
Q

antigen

A

substances that stimulate the creation of antibodies

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8
Q

antibody

A

substance formed when an antigen stimulates it to be formed

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9
Q

agglutination

A

when an antigen and antibody react together and clump

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10
Q

B

A

Type A blood will have anti- __ antibodies.

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11
Q

A or O

A

Type A blood will not have anti- __ antibodies.

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12
Q

A

A

Type B blood will have anti- __ antigens.

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13
Q

B or O

A

Type B blood will not have anti- __ antigens.

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14
Q

A and B

A

Type O blood will have anti- __ antigens.

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15
Q

O

A

Type O blood will not have anti- __ antigens.

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16
Q

O

A

Type __ blood is the universal donor.

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17
Q

AB

A

Type __ blood is the universal recipient.

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18
Q

positive

A

Rh factor present

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19
Q

negative

A

Rh factor not present

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20
Q

erythroblastosis fetalis

A

Mother is Rh neg., Father is Rh pos. Mother may reject baby in the womb.

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21
Q

RhoGam

A

shot given to mother who is Rh negative when the father is Rh positive

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22
Q

prothrombin

A

What are the examples of plasma proteins?

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23
Q

albumin

A

helps thicken blood, give it viscosity

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24
Q

globulin

A

carry antibodies to fight infection

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25
Q

fibrinogen and prothrombin

A

plasma proteins that help blood clot

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26
Q

blood serum

A

plasma minus the clotting factors

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27
Q

Platelets

A

3 types of formed elements:

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28
Q

erythrocyte

A

name for red blood cells

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29
Q

leukocyte

A

name for white blood cells

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30
Q

thrombocyte

A

name for platelets

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31
Q

granular leukocytes

A

WBCs with granules in their cytoplasm

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32
Q

agranular leukocytes

A

WBCs with no granules in their cytoplasm

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33
Q

eosinophils

A

types of granular leukocytes

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34
Q

monocytes

A

types of agranular leukocytes

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35
Q

neutrophil

A

granular leukocyte that carries out phagocytosis

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36
Q

eosinophil

A

granular leukocyte that defends against parasites

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37
Q

basophil

A

granular leukocyte that secretes heparin and function as a part of the inflammatory response

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38
Q

heparin

A

prevents blood from clotting

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39
Q

lymphocyte

A

agranular leukocyte that has B-lymphs or T-lymphs

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40
Q

B-lymphocyte

A

lymphocyte that produces antibodies

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41
Q

T-lymphocyte

A

lymphocyte that helps with immune response

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42
Q

monocyte

A

agranular lymphocyte that performs phagocytosis and is an important part of the immune response

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43
Q

platelet

A

formed element necessary for clotting

44
Q

120 days

A

lifespan of a red blood cell

45
Q

lymphatic tissue

A

tissues that go thru hematopoeisis

46
Q

liver

A

organs that dispose of broken cells

47
Q

aspiration biopsy cytology

A

diagnosis technique where myloid tissue is drawn out and examined

48
Q

stem cells

A

unspecialized cells from which differentiated cells develop sometimes taken from the umbilical cord

49
Q

biconcave

A

RBC’ s are what shape?

50
Q

more surface area and more flexibility

A

Why are RBCs biconcave?

51
Q

no nucleus or cytoplasm

A

Why can’t RBCs reproduce themselves?

52
Q

hemoglobin

A

red oxygen-carrying pigment in erythrocytes

53
Q

normacytic

A

state of normal-sized cells

54
Q

microcytic

A

state of smaller-sized cells

55
Q

macrocytic

A

state of larger-sized cells

56
Q

normachromic

A

state of normal-colored cells

57
Q

hypochromic

A

state of paler-colored cells; deficient of hemoglobin

58
Q

hyperchromic

A

state of darker-colored cells; too much hemoglobin

59
Q

oxyhemoglobin

A

formed when hemoglobin binds with oxygen

60
Q

carbominohemoglobin

A

formed when oxyhemoglobin releases oxygen and binds with the waste carbon dioxide

61
Q

hematocrit level

A

tells you the volume of RBCs

62
Q

buffy coat

A

White cells and platelets settled between formed cells and plasma

63
Q

polycythemia

A

overproduction of RBCs

64
Q

anemia

A

underproduction of RBCs or hemoglobin

65
Q

polycythemia

A

causes hemorrhages, hypertension, coagulation problems, clot formation, and overdistension of vessels

66
Q

polycythemia

A

treated by bleeding patient ever so often, removing bone marrow, or radiation treatment

67
Q

anemia

A

causes fatigue, weakness, sickness, paleness

68
Q

hemorrhagic anemia

A

decrease in RBCs b/c of major blood loss

69
Q

acute

A

___ hemorrhagic anemia usually cmes from trauma or surgery and can be easily resolved.

70
Q

chronic

A

___ hemorrhagic anemia usually comes from cancer or an ulcer and can only be resolved if the underlying cause is found and eliminated

71
Q

aplastic anemia

A

low RBC count and destruction of bone marrow after exposure to dangerous chemicals such as mercury or benzyne

72
Q

deficiency anemia

A

caused by inadequate supply of a substance that helps create RBCs or hemoglobin

73
Q

pernicious anemia

A

deficiency anemia caused by malfunction of stomach lining, autoimmunity, or genetics; not enough B12 Vitamin

74
Q

iron deficiency anemia

A

body does not get enough iron, which is vital to the creation of hemoglobin

75
Q

microcytic

A

When a body has an iron deficiency, its RBCs will be ____ and ____.

76
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

decrease in RBC lifespan that causes broken RBC pieces to build up; spleen will swell, liver impairment, gall stones

77
Q

jaundice

A

a type of hemolytic anemia in babies that causes their skin to turn orangish from the build up of pigment

78
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

abnormal hemoglobin causes premature destruction of RBCs

79
Q

thalassemia

A

abnormal hemoglobin produces abnormal numbers of strange-shaped RBCs

80
Q

thalassemia minor

A

carries the trait for thalassemia; will have chronic anemia

81
Q

thalassemia major

A

has thalassemia disease; RBCs quickly destroyed, body is deprived of oxygen, bone marrow swells and can cripple

82
Q

erythroblastosis fetalis

A

hemolytic anemia in babies

83
Q

leukocytosis

A

abnormally high WBC count; over 10 thousand WBCs per cubic mm; occurs b/c of bacterial infection or blood cancers

84
Q

leukopenia

A

abnormally low WBC count; under 5 thousand WBCs per cubic mm; occurs b/c of immune disorder like AIDS

85
Q

lymphoid neoplasm

A

cancer of blood arising from lymphocytes

86
Q

myeloid neoplasm

A

cancer of blood arising from monocytes, platelets, and RBCs

87
Q

multiple myeloma

A

cancer of B-lymphocytes known as plasma cells; constantly fighting infection; defective antibodies; frail bones; no treatment

88
Q

leukemia

A

characterized by leukocytosis of over 100,000 WBCs per cubic mm

89
Q

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

A

most common btwn. 62-65 yrs of age; mild symptoms if any; severe cases treated with chemo

90
Q

acute lymphocytic leukemia

A

disease in children 5-7; highly curable; fever, infection, bone pain, swollen lymphnodes and spleen; treated with chemo(85-100% survival rate)

91
Q

chronic myeloid leukemia

A

25-60 yrs old; fatigue, weight loss; abnormally high level of granulocytic WBCs and enlarged spleen

92
Q

Gleevec

A

treatment for seeking out abnormal myloid tissue and blocking it

93
Q

acute myeloid leukemia

A

quick symptoms: spongy bleeding gums, bone and joint pain; poor prognosis

94
Q

mononucleosis

A

virus found in saliva of infected person; leukocytosis of 12-18 thousand; large atypical lymphocytes; fever, enlarged lymphnodes/spleen; sore throat; resolved in 4-6 weeks

95
Q

prothrombin activator

A

formed when clotting factor from damaged tissue and clotting factors from plasma react together

96
Q

thrombin

A

formed from prothrombin when prothrombin activator reacts with clotting factors from the platelet plug

97
Q

fibrin

A

formed when thrombin reacts with fibrinogen

98
Q

Vitamin K

A

What vitamin stimulates the liver to produce thrombin?

99
Q

anti-coagulant

A

blood thinner, given after clot is formed

100
Q

heparin

A

shot form of anti-coagulant

101
Q

coumadin (warfarin)

A

pill form of anti-coagulant

102
Q

tissue plasminogen activators

A

dissolve clot; given during a heart attack

103
Q

thrombus

A

clot that stays where it was formed

104
Q

embolus

A

clot that breaks away from area it was formed and travels thru the circ. system

105
Q

hemophilia

A

disorder resulting from not producing one or more of the clotting factors

106
Q

hemophilia A

A

royal disease; lacks factor VIII; bleeding joints; can cripple

107
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

around 15,000 platelet count (normal: 150,000) complete body bleeding; caused by mechanical destruction of platelets by way of heart valves or chemicals

A&P II (8 decks)

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