Chapter 15 Flashcards
What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?
A theory is like a well educated guess
Hypothesis is a statement that needs proof
Evolution
The development of new types of organisms from preexisting types of organisms over time
Fossil
Evidence that remains of an organism
What island did Darwin visit to make most of his observations?
Galapagos Islands
What does adaptation mean?
Adapting to new places; successful in environment
What was the major idea that Darwin presented in his book “the origin of species”? (What causes species to change over time?)
Evolution
What is natural selection?
Where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
Homologous and Analogous?
Homologous-similar structures in dif organisms of a common ancestor
Analogous- close related functions that aren’t derived from the same ancestral structure
Vestigial Structure?
Inherited structures that have lost most of their usefulness to an organism
Ex: as humans are developing, they grow gill slits like fish and reptiles
The bones labeled “X” can be referred to as _________________ structures
Homologous
What are the four pieces of evidence for evolution?
- Molecular Biology
- Comparative Anatomy
- Embryology and Development
- Fossil Record
Who is Jean-Baptistery Lamarck and what did he incorrectly propose?
He proposed that living organisms change as their environment changes
What did Lamarck and Darwin agree on?
They agreed on the theory of Inheritance that states if an organism changes during life in order to adapt to its environment, the changes are passed on to offspring
In natural selection what does the selecting?
Environmental changes
What is artificial selection?
Purposely breeding organisms that have better traits
Ex: dogs
