Chapter 12 Death and Dying

Question 1

brain death

Answer 1

• circulatory and respiratory functions have irreversibly ceased
• the entire brain including the brains stem has irreversibly ceased to function

Question 2

Uniform determination of death act

Answer 2

a proposal that established uniform guidelines for determining when death has occurred

Question 3

coma

Answer 3

deep stupor from which the patient cannot be roused by external stimuli

Question 4

persistent vegetative state (PVS)

Answer 4

a result of sever mental impairment, characterized by irreversible cessation of the higher functions of the brain, most often caused by damage to the cerebral cortex

Question 5

signs of death

Answer 5

• cannot breathe without assistance
• has no coughing or gagging reflex
• has no pupil response to light
• has no blinking reflex
• has no grimace
• has no response to pain

Question 6

reasons why autopsies are performed

Answer 6

• information that may clarify death
• postmordem exam that determines cause of death
• must be performed in cases of suspicious or due to homicide

Question 7

reasons why autopsies are on the decline

Answer 7

• families are reluctant to give consent
• insurance companies and government health care programs usually do not pay
• some clinician argue technological advances have made diagnoses more accurate

Question 8

palliative care

Answer 8

treatment of terminally ill patient’s symptoms to make dying more comfortable; also called comfort care

Question 9

curative care

Answer 9

treatment directed toward curing a patient’s disease

Question 10

hospice

Answer 10

a facility or program in which teams of health care practitioners and volunteers provide a continuing environment that focuses on the physical emotional and psychological needs of the dying patient.

Question 11

euthanasia

Answer 11

the greek term meaning good death

Question 12

terminally ill

Answer 12

referring to patients who are expected to die within 6 months

Question 13

thanatology

Answer 13

the study of death and of the psychological methods of coping with it

Question 14

Landmark cases that effected the right to die

Answer 14

• Karen Ann Quinlan
• Nancy Beth Cruzan
• Terry Shiavo

Question 15

Uniform Rights of the terminally ill act

Answer 15

a 1989 recommendation of the Nation Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws that all states construct laws to address advance directives.

Question 16

Two states where physician assisted suicide is legal

Answer 16

Oregon passed this is November 1997

Washington in 2010

Question 17

active euthanasia

Answer 17

a conscious medical act that results in the death of a dying person

Question 18

passive euthanasia

Answer 18

the act of allowing a dying a patient to die naturally, without medical interference

Question 19

voluntary euthanasia

Answer 19

the act of ending a dying patients life by medical means with his or her permission

Question 20

involuntary euthanasia

Answer 20

the act of ending a terminal patients life by medical means without his or her permission

Question 21

patient self determination act

Answer 21

a federal law passed in 1990 that requires hospitals and other health care providers written information to patients regarding their rights under state law to make medical decisions and execute advance directives

Question 22

different types of advance directives

Answer 22

• living will
• durable power of attorney
• health care proxy

Question 23

living will

Answer 23

an advance directive that specifies an individuals end of life wishes

Question 24

durable power of attorney

Answer 24

an advance directive that confers upon a designee the authority to make a variety of legal decisions on behalf of the grantor, usually including health care decisions.

Question 25

health care proxy

Answer 25

a durable power of attorney issued for purposes of health care decisions only

Question 26

DNR

Answer 26

orders written at the request of patients or their authorized representatives that cardiopulmonary resuscitation not be used to sustain life in a medical crisis.

Question 27

National organ transplant act

Answer 27

passed in 1984, a statue that provides grants to qualified organ procurement organizations and established an organ procurement and transplant network

Question 28

organ donor directives

Answer 28

• in addition to having a card patients should discuss their wishes with their families

Question 29

Uniform Anatomical Gift Act

Answer 29

A recommendation of the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, that all states accepted allowing individuals to donate their bodies or body parts after death for use in transplant surgery, tissue banks or medical research or education.

Question 30

Organs/Tissue for Transplantation

Answer 30

• heart, kidney, pancreas, lungs, stomach small and large intestines

Question 31

Stages of Grief

Answer 31

• denial and isolation
• anger, rage, resentment
• bargaining, and guilt
• depression or sadness
• acceptance

Question 32

The author of the 5 stages of grief

Answer 32

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross MD

Question 33

The author of Solace: Finding your way through grief

Answer 33

Roberta Temes PhD

Question 34

3 stages of grief

Answer 34

• numbness, characterized by mechanical or rote functioning
• disorganization
• reorganization